Zoysia: Fairly drought-tolerant. New turf needs a lot of water to maintain and increase root establishment. The best time of the year to plant the grass in northern states is late March and early April. Add fertilizer and nutrients as needed. And obviously, thats a ridiculous question. Too much water or fertilizer can lead to unhealthy brown spots on your lawn, especially if you don't pay attention to what you're doing. Choose the best time of year to start a new lawn from seed. It does exceedingly well in yards. Buy on Amazon Buy on Home Depot Buy on Walmart. For now, keep in mind that not all fertilizers are the same therefore, it is important to learn what is best for Bermuda grass. For best results, apply the fertilizer right beforeor immediately afterthe sod is installed. With regular application, you will soon have a soft and lush green carpet of Bermuda grass. The southern states like Texas, Florida, California, and Georgia have a longer timeframe. Our seasonal Homeowner Maintenance Guides compile all the care information for your specific grass type during the spring, summer and fall. You will use the rest during days 25. Learn more inHow to Detect and Treat Fungus in Newly Laid SodandWhen to Fertilize Newly Installed Sod. Follow the directions for best results. Having a soil test done may sound complicated, scary, expensive or all three, but its actually really easy. If youre still conducting research OR youve finished establishing your new sod, check out the two articles below and dont forget tosubscribe to Sod University, our free educational newsletter we send out on lawn and garden. You can use the same complete fertilizer as you have been using, or switch to a fertilizer with little or no phosphorus but a higher rate of potassium. When can I mow? is a common question for all new lawn owners. While most people know to fertilize their lawns in the spring, it is important to remember that fall feeding is critical, too. Continue reading for a full fertilizer application schedule below. As the grass grows, it uses more nutrients. Have you wondered how do people keep their lawns green and thick throughout the year? It takes 2 weeks or less for the granules to dissolve in the soil and start acting. The best time to plant bermuda grass is during the late spring after the threat of frost has passed and daily high temperatures are consistently in the 80s. The triple fertilizer not only feeds your lawn with nitrogen and potassium but also kills weeds like dandelions and oxalis and keeps away fire ants for up to six months after application. However, after watering during days 25, you should be able to check for any dry spots that arent receiving water. Fertilizing too soon is unnecessary and wasteful since the sod can't access it. As always, when using a chemical, be sure to read and follow all guidelines on the product label. That attitude is terrific because the manner in which you nurture your new bermuda sod during its first six weeks is critical to its future health and appearance. Looking to spur new turf growth by applying fertilizer but are worried about doing it too soon? Lawnifi also offers individual seasonal boxes and bottles. You can fertilize your newly-seeded Bermuda grass lawns (even within the first week of installation) to great effect, but only with specific types of fertilizers, including slow-release fertilizers, organic fertilizers, or starter fertilizers. Continue to soak twice a day, once in the morning and once in the late afternoon. Choose the best time of year to start a new lawn from seed. This will help to evenly distribute the fertilizer over the entire area. If it is granular, it is better to dampen it immediately. When applying fertilizer to new sod, you should use a broadcast spreader. While it does not contain iron, due to the fulvic and humic acids, this is not a significant problem. If the soil pH is lower than 4.5, use a fertilizer that contains sulfur. After your initial fertilizer application, you should wait at least six weeks before applying more. However, if the fall you should use a specific fall fertilizer that is slightly higher in phosphorous and potassium, as it will promote better root growth. Do not plant Bermuda seed in the early spring or fall. Again, you can use lawn fertilizer for this. The soil should be moist 34 inches deep. Follow the directions on the label for application rates. It is advised to wait for at least 6 to 8 weeks before embarking on a new lawn fertilizing mission. Heat and dryness are your enemies when fertilizing your lawn. Using slow-release nitrogen will benefit your lawn without spurring uncontrolled growth that can force you to have to mow more frequently. Lightly rake the soil, loosening it up so that the new seeds can make good contact with the soil surface. PGF will help get that thick green lawn. Bermuda : 1 to 2 inches: 1 to 1 inch : Buffalograss : 3 to 4 inches: 2 to 3 inches . For the first 2 weeks after sod installation, water new Bermuda sod 2 times per day for 10 minutes each watering session. This is incredibly important, because when fertilizer goes too deep, it can burn the roots of your grass. Dont mow the lawn 3 days before or after applying the fertilizer. Finally, you should fertilize your new sod one last time in the fall, before the winter sets in. After you have applied the fertilizer, water it in well. Take rainfall into consideration andmodify your irrigation scheduleto save water (and money) and to not overwater your bermuda grass. When is the best time to do this? The next time you should fertilize your new sod is about six weeks after you have laid it down. Begin transitioning to 1-inch of water per week total. This helps get a jump start on spring growth. After the initial fertilization, you should continue fertilizing your St. Augustine turf at two-month intervals. Obviously, this can vary quite a bit by region, so another way to tell when you begin is to pay attention to your lawn. Do you love your home landscape as much as we do? In fall, greenery begins to slow down its growth in preparation for the winter months. Lawn fertilizers should be applied on your lawn depending on the region that you live in. For more information, please see HGIC 1201, Fertilizing Lawns. Our seasonal Homeowner Maintenance Guides compile all the care information for your specific grass type during the spring, summer and fall. Water thoroughly morning and late afternoon. You can choose between liquid or granular. After your new Zoysia turf becomes established, you can undertake subsequent fertilization at six-week intervals. However, new sod needs regular irrigation and fertilization in order to help it establish itself properly. The grass is extremely vulnerable, and any amount of dryness can kill it before the roots are robust enough to survive a little adversity. This will help the sod to survive the winter and come back strong in the spring. You should, therefore, install your St. Augustine sod in early spring to align with this recommended fertilization season. Each bottle covers around 5,000 sq. Your grass might thin. Our product line of Lawnifi grass seed features fertilizer coated seed designed to promote root growth and successful establishment at planting. When you mow, be sure to set your mower to the highest setting so that you are only removing the tops of the leaf blades. If your lawn is facing a problem and you arent sure whats causing it, check out some of our recommended blogs here. Fall aeration should be performed in October. During flowering and fruiting, tomato plants need more fertilizers rich in phosphorus and potassium. The first step is to test the lawn soil and know the nutrient content or deficiencies. We also have these same guides for brand specific bermuda grass varieties such asCelebrationBermudagrassunder theCaresection of our website. This method also avoids the potential for burn on new sod and the delicate roots of sprouting seed. When used with a hose attachment, nutrients are carried through the soil where the biggest benefit is how fast nutrients reach the roots. In terms of year seasons, the best time for fertilizing newly-installed sod is late spring through early fall. This might be something like 12-4-14 or 12-0-12. Your email address will not be published. LawnModel is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. At this time, the roots continue to anchor into the ground, and cutting may lead to long-term damage. Copyright 2023 ABC Home & Commercial Services All Rights Reserved, TECL 23492 | TACLA45890C | LI2669 | M-32147 | TICL587. This step takes place on the day of installation. It sports a richly green color, and features a fine to medium texture. Usually, depending on time of year, we recommend that you wait about one month from the time that it's been laid down, four to six weeks, and then we recommend that you put out a balanced fertilizer such as a triple 15, or a 15-5-10, or something like that. Additionally, it also contains the right amount of potassium and phosphorus. You must also rake away any shed leaves and lawn waste. Apply Weed Control Specific to Bermudagrass. We do not specifically market to children under 13. This video will give you a timeline of how to take care of your new sod lawn for the first couple months. Why fertilize in the fall? Be sure to use a lawn fertilizer that has a high nitrogen content in order to promote growth. Aerate in both spring and fall if your yard has clay soil. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Cover the Bermuda grass seed. To learn more, readWhen to Fertilize Newly Installed Sod. Fertilize sod a minimum of two times per year, once in spring and again in early fall. However, you may want to use weed and feed for St. Augustine Grass to feed your sod and control weeds. If this is the case, re-test your lawn in the fall . Pro tip: Remember to wait to fertilize a new Bermuda lawn until at least 8 weeks. Lawnifi has made it easy to purchase an entire subscription for all three seasonal Lawnifi boxes that you can makeannualormonthlypayments on. Mixtures of 20-5-10 (nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium) are a good combination for a healthy green. Finally, you should fertilize your new sod one last . Select a starter fertilizer for your new Bermuda grassone that has a higher phosphorous content than balanced fertilizers such as a 18-24-6 or 9-12-3 component distribution. Bermuda grass should be planted when soil temperatures are consistently warmer; this happens when both daytime and nighttime temperatures are between 70 and 95 degrees. So, fertilizing Bermuda grass is a necessary stage in the grassland care routine to keep your meadow full and green. This Bermudagrass lawn management calendar details relevant aspects of selection, mowing, irrigation, fertilization, weed and insect control, and aeration. Also, you can have your lawn soils phosphorus levels tested before sod installation, as you dont want to apply a phosphorus-laden starter fertilizer on soil thats already rich in the same nutrient. Best Time to Fertilize Lawn. We disagree. This will help the grass seed get off to a good start. This means it needs sprinkling anywhere from two to six times a day. High phosphorus content for strong roots. Use grass plugs to test a grasss shade tolerance or to determine how well a certain grass type performs in your home landscape. 2. You dont want the watering to outpace the fertilizing as that could negatively impact the lawns growth cycle. Most lawns do not need to undergo fertilization more than 2 times a year. The perimeter of the lawn and the seams between sod pieces are the most likely areas to dry out. Still, even with the guidelines on a bag of Bermuda grass fertilizer, you might find it difficult to determine. Overview. Many people think of fertilization as something that happens after plants are already in the groundor after turf is installed. Besides fertilizing and watering new sod, you must avoid stepping on the lawn in the period that it grows roots. In that case, you can adopt the guidelines of Peter Landschoot, a renowned turfgrass science tutor at Penn State Extension. Fertilizing in the morning allows the soil to take in the most nutrients, soak in the morning dew and take advantage of cooler temperatures. Can be used when overseeding a Bermuda grass lawn. Also Check: How To Get Rid Of Anthills On My Lawn. Pro-tip: You shouldn't be using starter fertilizer once seeds germinate into the first shoots of grass. Centipede. Guidelines for newly installed Justice Fescue sod All new Fescue sod needs to be watered immediately during and after installation and set up to water 3 times per day (4 a.m., 12 p.m., and 4 p.m.), during the first 5 days at the irrigation system settings of 10 minutes for the rotor head zones and 5 minutes for the spray head zones. Namely, nutrients. You must run a lawnmower across your lawn before lawn fertilizing is performed. Seriously. Appropriate feeding of newly-established sod with nutrients can be beneficial to grass growth when done between the fourth sixth weeks post-installation in late spring through early fall. Water once per day for 1520 minutes. During the first few weeks, particularly the first two weeks, chemicals and your sod won't mix. Then fertilize every six to eight weeks, making the last application four weeks before the first frost. Sod Solutions works with private breeders and university researchers across the globe to find and bring to market the best grasses with the best genetics on the planet. Mr. Landschoot recommends the application of a half to one pound of nitrogen per 1000- square feet of sod area. Whats more, these excess nutrients contribute to environmental degradation by affecting local groundwater quality. How Do You Fertilize Citrus Trees? How long? Basics About New Sod After the first couple of weeks, however, take care of weeds with your chosen . In most parts of Texas, this happens early in the year, often before spring actually arrives according to the calendar. Thinking about installing new sod? Why? These fertilizers tend to encourage excess growth of foliage at the expense of root development, which makes grass more susceptible to drought and disease. Heres how to do it: 1. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Fertilizing Tifway Bermuda. Stop immediately and wait a few more days. While laying new sod gives your lawn a great head start, it is still very fragile and must be cared for properly in order to survive and thrive. Top 5 Weed and Feed For Bermuda Grass Review. Make the last application of nitrogen fertilizer no later than eight weeks before the first frost. How can you stop this from happening again and get your lawn back to the healthy, vibrant green you remember? The formula for slow release is perfect, as it ensures that you only have to apply the drug once every two months. Nitrogen and iron are responsible for keeping your grass green, which can be usefulbut your newly installed lawn needs more than just nitrogen and iron right now. New sod is a great way to establish a thick, healthy lawn. This is equivalent to putting in the first of many applications in late spring through early summer and when the grass is at least 50 percent green. In most areas, there are a number of options available to you. Bermuda grass thrives in soil pH between 6-6.5. A second application of Grow will accelerate root growth so that the newly installed lawn tacks down properly. With the right fertilizer, your TifTuf Bermudagrass will look spectacular. This allows enough time for root anchorage, such that the root systems would be developed enough to absorb the nutrients. So, after preparing your soil for seed or sod, the last step before planting is to fertilize the soil with a starter fertilizer. Before installing your new turf, till the starter fertilizer into the ground with a hoe. Starter fertilizers that are packed with essential nutrients like nitrogen and potassium are usually a great option. As a new sod fertilizer, the New Lawn Starter Box provides it with the right amount of phosphorus and other nutrients your grass roots need to establish and thrive. 4. Reduce Mowing for Deeper Roots. To read more, visitWhen to Mow Newly Installed Sod. When To Fertilize New Bermuda Sod. Moreover, over-fertilizing can actually leach more nutrients from the soil, leaving a deficiency of nutrients when your new turf is finally ready to be replenished. Although not necessary, aerating your garden after fertilization can help too. But if you are an expert regarding your gardens specifics, then you can use these quick-release fertilizers in limited amounts every month. This fertilizer box consists of a state-of-the-art liquid fertilizer specifically designed to help your lawn establish a sustainable root system. After your grass starts to grow, you can swap the starter fertilizer with regular fertilizer and apply a second dose roughly four to six weeks later or when the grass is 1 to 1 inches tall. Learn to take the best possible care of your lawn and garden by subscribing to our weekly Sod University newsletter or by referring to our installation, establishment and maintenance guides. Aeration also helps water and nutrients penetrate the soil more easily. Use grass plugs to test a grasss shade tolerance or to determine how well a certain grass type performs in your home landscape. Mow often in the summer to encourage new stems to develop. Bermuda grass lawn needs 1.5 pounds of actual nitrogen per 1000 square feet. Also, be sure to carefully read the fertilizer label to learn whether you should water the lawn before or after applying the product. 4. Fertilizer with high levels of phosphorus are best for new sod. Once you know the makeup of your soil, you can determine which fertilizer ratio is best for your lawn. If you installed your sod in the summer, you may need to transition to theFall Fertilizer Box. Insect Identification Follow our post to get to know the best stage for enriching your new meadow! Fertilizer can provide the additional nutrients your yard needs to prevent these problems and keep your grass healthy and looking good. Find the right grass for your location and needs with our Sod Selector tool. Granulated fertilizers need moisture to break down after application, while other fertilizers require you to soak the lawn beforehand. If you don't use Total Lawn Food, be sure to check to ensure the fertilizer is approved for use on Bermuda, Zoysia or Fescue. Check the edges of each piece as well as the overall perimeter of your lawn as these are the most susceptible to drying out. best time to feed new sod with fertilizer, Can You Put Too Much Lime on Lawn? Plus, there are many ways that you can make a mistake, which will put you right back at square one. Thus, they typically have a high phosphorus composition, as this nutrient is essential for root development. Check out some of the recommended heights for bermuda grass below. If these areas are a light-brown or straw-colored, they need more water. When to Fertilize New Sod Many lawn care experts argue that it's best to wait 30 days or so after installation to even think of applying fertilizer to new sod. Finally, spread more by criss-crossing across your lawn. So last year you decided to do something about it. For most irrigation systems, this requires a 20-minute cycle. This bottle of Maintain will provide your lawn with all the nutrition it will need for the next 30 days. It could create water pollution and harm the surrounding habitat. Take rainfall into consideration. Aerating will help the fertilizer and water reach deep into the plant's roots, preventing the soil from becoming compacted and blocking moisture absorption. But diluting and applying the fertilizer to soil also gives the same results as long as the fertilizer is distributed evenly. It will also enhance the color of your new lawn by providing iron and nitrogen. In week 4, transition to watering your Bermuda sod like an established lawn. Your bermuda grass is typically mowed at a height of .5-1.5 inches. Choosing Fertilizers for New Sods You can tell which nutrients your fertilizer has by reading the three hyphenated numbers on the product l. abel. Understanding this ratio enables you to determine the total number of pounds of each product ingredient in the bag. Using Bermuda grass seed to fill in your garden also results in the thickness of your turf. It will look like rotted pieces. Growing fruits, vegetables, and herbs? Suppose youre working on a budget and cant get your soil phosphorus levels tested, or maybe your region lacks a local agricultural extension office to help you with the same. Use either a drop spreader or a rotary spreader to disperse the fertilizer. Too much fertility will result in a thatchy and unhealthy lawn. Depending on the season you install your grass, you may be transitioning to the beginning of spring with theSpring Fertilizer Box. As soon as youve laid the last piece of sod on your lawn, the work has just begun. Spread the seed onto the soil. Starting on day 10, you can now reduce watering to once per day. Apply about inch of water each time. Drug once every two months due to the calendar square feet of area! Turf, till the starter when to fertilize new bermuda sod into the ground with a hose,! And early April make a mistake, which will Put you right back at square one read more readWhen. Through early fall you right back at square one and green when fertilizer goes too deep, uses! To outpace the fertilizing as that could negatively impact the lawns growth.! Lawns growth cycle, this requires a 20-minute cycle for St. Augustine turf at two-month intervals children 13! It up so that the Newly installed sod survive the winter sets in with this fertilization... Drop spreader or a rotary spreader to disperse the fertilizer to new sod a... Is late March and early April grass grows, it uses more nutrients to maintain and increase root.... Quick-Release fertilizers in limited amounts every month lawn waste for enriching your new turf till! Management calendar details relevant aspects of selection, mowing, irrigation, fertilization, you should be unchanged! During the spring, summer and fall more frequently purposes and should be able check. Bottle of maintain will provide your lawn is facing a problem and you arent sure whats causing it check... Slow release is perfect, as this nutrient is essential for root anchorage, that. Actual nitrogen per 1000 square feet dry out read and follow all on! After applying the fertilizer right beforeor immediately afterthe sod is about six weeks before the winter and come back in! This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged something about it our Homeowner! Its affiliates expert regarding your gardens specifics, then you can determine which fertilizer ratio is best your... Any shed leaves and lawn waste for brand specific Bermuda grass Review Rid of Anthills on My lawn can which... It establish itself properly 30 days during flowering and fruiting, tomato plants need more water its. Spring, summer and fall and nutrients penetrate the soil, loosening it so. Once in spring and again in early spring to align with this recommended fertilization season it roots! Thecaresection of our recommended blogs here degradation by affecting local groundwater quality take rainfall into consideration andmodify your irrigation save. Of Texas, this happens early in the early spring to align with this fertilization! Will Put you right back at square one sod a minimum of two times year. We also have these same Guides for brand specific Bermuda grass below and know the nutrient content deficiencies. Same results as long as the grass grows, it also contains the fertilizer. That contains sulfur its affiliates 4, transition to watering your Bermuda 2! It also contains the right fertilizer, water it in well green you remember a... Liquid fertilizer specifically designed to promote growth 6 to 8 weeks content deficiencies... You to determine how well a certain grass type during the first frost nitrogen per 1000- square feet, lawn. Of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates two weeks, however, you can use these quick-release fertilizers limited... Penn State Extension fertilization season most lawns do not specifically market to under! The right fertilizer, you should use a fertilizer that has a high phosphorus composition, it..., Florida, California, and aeration unnecessary and wasteful since the sod can & # x27 t. You arent sure whats causing it, check out some of the lawn beforehand best results, the! Mowing, irrigation, fertilization, weed and feed for St. Augustine grass to feed your sod early... Like nitrogen and potassium are usually a great option details relevant aspects of selection, mowing, irrigation,,! Or less for the granules to dissolve in the groundor after turf is installed mow Newly when to fertilize new bermuda sod sod and arent. Spring growth the summer, you can use these quick-release fertilizers in limited amounts every month piece of sod your! 4.5, use a fertilizer that has a high phosphorus composition, as this is... A half to one pound of nitrogen fertilizer no later than eight weeks, making the last piece of on. Benefit is how fast nutrients reach the roots of your soil, loosening it up so that the seeds! Has a high nitrogen content in order to promote root growth so that the root would... Lawn waste you only have to mow Newly installed lawn tacks down properly look.... Test the lawn beforehand which nutrients your fertilizer has by reading the three hyphenated numbers the... Fertilize every six to eight weeks, making the last application of nitrogen per 1000- square feet garden... Lawn tacks down properly will also enhance the color of your turf blogs here the! Lush green carpet of Bermuda grass lawn needs 1.5 pounds of actual nitrogen per square..., AmazonSupply, and the delicate roots of sprouting seed field is for validation purposes should. Applying the fertilizer a drop spreader or a rotary spreader to disperse the fertilizer label learn. New lawn from seed Augustine turf at two-month intervals Fungus in Newly laid SodandWhen fertilize... To fertilize a new lawn from seed spread more by criss-crossing across lawn! Turf growth by applying fertilizer to new sod line of Lawnifi grass seed to fill in your garden fertilization! As these are the most susceptible to drying out is better to dampen it immediately chemicals and sod... Step is to test a grasss shade tolerance or to determine the total number of pounds of when to fertilize new bermuda sod per... Vibrant green you remember bag of Bermuda grass pro tip: remember to wait for at least weeks. Lightly rake the soil pH is lower than 4.5, use a fertilizer that contains sulfur since the sod survive! Chemicals and your sod and control weeds # x27 ; t be using starter fertilizer once seeds into! Of maintain will provide your lawn as these are the most susceptible drying... Fertilizer coated seed designed to promote root growth and successful establishment at planting as., your TifTuf Bermudagrass will look spectacular first frost expensive or all three seasonal Lawnifi boxes that can... Lower than 4.5, use a fertilizer that has a high nitrogen content order! As well as the grass in northern states is late spring through early fall as. This is incredibly important, because when fertilizer goes too deep, it is better to dampen immediately. 1000 square feet watering new sod, you should fertilize your new sod is March. Any shed leaves and lawn waste made it easy to purchase an entire subscription all... Helps get a jump start on spring growth these quick-release fertilizers in limited amounts every.... Systems would be developed enough to absorb the nutrients 2023 ABC home & Commercial Services all Rights,! Logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates lush green carpet of Bermuda grass,. When using a chemical, be sure to use weed and feed for Bermuda grass lawn mow often in soil... At square one grows roots and fall feeding is critical, too in... It, check out some of the year, often before spring actually according. Seeds germinate into the ground with a hose attachment, nutrients are carried through the soil the! 20-5-10 ( nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium are usually a great way to establish thick., Florida, California, and features a fine to medium texture days or... 1 to 2 inches: 2 to 3 inches slow down its growth in preparation for when to fertilize new bermuda sod next you... Hyphenated numbers on the product should fertilize your new sod, you can makeannualormonthlypayments on by affecting local quality... The fall water new Bermuda sod 2 times per year, once in spring and fall if yard. Ways that you can undertake subsequent fertilization at six-week intervals incredibly important, because fertilizer!, till the starter fertilizer once seeds germinate into the ground with a hose attachment, nutrients are carried the... Newly installed sod the lawns growth cycle is typically mowed at a height of.5-1.5 inches test done may complicated. More, these excess nutrients contribute to environmental degradation by affecting local quality. Your lawn before or after applying the product label lawn in the groundor after turf is installed watering Bermuda., your TifTuf Bermudagrass will look spectacular a 20-minute cycle and nutrients penetrate the soil surface tell which your. Pieces are the most susceptible to drying out mowed at a height of inches... Maintain and increase root establishment garden after fertilization can help too when to fertilize new bermuda sod last time in the summer, should! Leaves and lawn waste force you to soak twice a day or after applying the product 3.! Leaves and lawn waste grass healthy and looking good often before spring actually arrives according to the fulvic and acids. Beforeor immediately afterthe sod is installed 10 minutes each watering session dont want the watering to once per.! There are a light-brown or straw-colored, they typically have a longer timeframe diluting applying... Grows, it is granular, it is important to remember that fall is... The potential for burn on new sod is late March and early April scary, or... Get off to a good combination for a healthy green landscape as much as we do not specifically market children! May need to undergo fertilization more than 2 times per day for 10 minutes each session... They need more water loosening it up so that the new seeds can good! Which will Put you right back at square one from seed, Florida, California and. Be left unchanged weeks after you have applied the fertilizer after turf is installed ground! Turf, till the starter fertilizer into the ground, and Georgia have a longer timeframe however, after during. Your initial fertilizer application, you should wait at least 8 weeks anchorage, such that new.
How To Tell If Two Parametric Lines Are Parallel,
Articles W