Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. But he knew what was coming. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. It was More who coined the term, a pun on the Greek words for no place and good place. It should be noted that Mores affinity for the monastic life never left him, despite his later marriages, family, and career. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. She was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886 as a martyr.Occupation:Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, manager of her estates as Countess of Salisbury.Dates:August 14, 1473 May 27, 1541Also known as: Margaret of York, Margaret Plantagenet, Margaret de la Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Margaret Pole the Blessed. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. [7] However, her brother's Warwick and Spencer [Despencer] estates remained in the hands of the crown.[8]. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. Elizabeth Throckmorton. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. She had a small estate of land, inherited from her husband, but no other income and no prospects. He dictated letter after letter. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. She was cousin to Henry VIII's mother, and well trusted by the king for years. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. Get GCSE Macbeth Coursework, Essay & Homework assistance including assignments fully Marked by Teachers and Peers. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. Margarets brother was 24. But not your principles. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. His personal life remained placid and content. After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. Seven years after the strange liquid death of Margarets father, her uncle Richard III was defeated at Bosworth by Henry Tudor. [2] As one of the few members of the House of Plantagenet to have survived the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, the second monarch of the House of Tudor, who was the son of her first cousin, Elizabeth of York. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. These are not consistent; and ifas he claimed at one pointPole rejected the Divorce in 1526 and refused the Oath of Supremacy in 1531, he received benefits from Henry for a course of action for which others were sentenced to death. The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. She served later as a governess to Mary. In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Read More. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) The charge was treason. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. May 28, 2015. Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. The king raged. Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. London, WC1A 2HN Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . Find out more about the London Review of Books app. Her husbands career flourished. With Margarets female peers, there is a gap between what they say and what they do, what they are and what they appear to be. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. Either her sons had not made her aware of their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was an adept in brazen deceit. Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Higginbotham follows Pierce in refusing to vilify Henry for his treatment of the Poles. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". He impressed the cardinal enough that he was knighted upon his return and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer. In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. By 1520, as an indication of the trust placed in her, she had been appointed lady governor to the Princess Mary, born in 1516 and the only child of the royal marriage to survive for more than a few weeks. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Birth Country: United Kingdom. Lewis, Jone Johnson. During her time in prison, Cromwell himself was executed. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Please include name, address and a telephone number. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. Her life, marked by stunning reversals of fortune, is an irresistible subject, but it presents a familiar difficulty for the historian. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. This More was fully prepared to do. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. Hilary Mantel. There is no greater tale of a father and daughter relationship than the story of Sir Thomas More and his Dearest Meg, his eldest daughter Margaret. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. . It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". In January 1539 Geoffrey was pardoned, but Margaret's son, Henry, Baron Montagu (and cousin Exeter), were later executed for treason after trial. And so he was. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. The pope would not relent. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . It was delivered in manuscript form, but at any time it could be printed and circulated through Europe. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. Quite the opposite. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. In 1539, Reginald was sent to the Emperor to organize an embargo against Englandthe sort of countermeasure he had himself warned Henry was possible.[14]. Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. The story of Mores last days is terribly affecting. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. As part of the evidence for the bill of attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for the Church of Rome and the rule of her son, Reginald, and the king's Roman Catholic daughter, Mary. He died young (about 1526) having married the heir of Roger Lewknor. 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