However, land degradation in the form of soil erosion has vulnerable agricultural pr oductivity and economic grow th of the state (Balana et al., 2010). Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. In: Abebe Y, Geheb K (eds) Wetlands of Ethiopia. The World Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Working Paper No. They are par-ticularly common in mountain regions. 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. (2015). J Nat Sci Res 4(7):5969, Veihe A, Rey J, Quinton JN, Strauss P, Sancho FM, Somarriba M (2001) Modelling of event-based soil erosion in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Mexico: evaluation of the EUROSEM model. The weight of each parameter was calculated using an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix. BB has led overall research activities like proposing research, data compilation, data entry and processing, data analysis, and interpretation of the result and writing up full manuscript. objective of this paper is to quantify and map an estimated soil loss by The potential annual soil loss ranges from 0 in the flat land to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep slope areas with an average annual soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. Based on the modeling, Soil Conservation Research Project (SCRP) estimated that about 1.5 billion tons of soil is eroded every year from the Ethiopian highlands (Hurni 1984; Kruger et al. 2018. Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also . Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. Z.Geomorph.Suppl.Bb., 49: 3750, FAO (1984) Ethiopian highland reclamation study (EHRS). . . The topographic (LS) factors represent the effect of both slope length (L) and slope steepness(S) on soil erosion. 0 0 0 667 0 722 722 667 611 778 0 278 0 667 556 833 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000007562 00000 n More-abundant varieties found in the lowlands include such antelopes as the oryx, the greater kudu, and the waterbuck, various types of monkeys including the black-and-white colobus (known as guereza in Ethiopia and hunted for its beautiful long-haired pelt), and varieties of wild pig. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. LundStudies in Geography, Ser. FAO, Rome, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC (2009) Harmonized world soil database (version 1.1), FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, Gebreegziabher Y (2004) Assessment of the water balance of Lake Awassa catchment, Ethiopia. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. FAO/EHRS (Ethiopian highlands reclamation study) working paper 3. It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). 0000005191 00000 n Correspondence to This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. << Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. In: Brahimo AK, Vlek PL (eds) Land use and soil resources. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. 2015). >> occurrence in South America In South America: Soils slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continent's surface. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. [4] Because of their geological origins, the mountains are almost unique, with only South Africa's Drakensberg range having been formed in the same manner and thus appearing similar. Catena 37:309318, Article Ethiopia), where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is in short supply. %PDF-1.7 % Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. GREYZEMS (N)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm, showing bleached coatings on structural ped surfaces. volume7,pages 273291 (2021)Cite this article. 0000001298 00000 n Even on the cool plateaus, where good volcanic soils are found in abundance, crude means of cultivation have exposed the soils to heavy seasonal rain, causing extensive gully and sheet erosion. https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2014.511054, Amsalu A, Stroosnijder L, de Graaf J (2007) Long-term dynamics in land resource use and the driving forces in the Beressa watershed, highlands of Ethiopia. Lamberet Academic Publishing, Ethiopia, Soromessa T, Teketay D, Demissew S (2004) Ecological study of the vegetation in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia. The corresponding author provides all the data set as per the request and ready to clarify the manuscript which is not clear. May is a hot and dry month preceding the long rainy season (kremt) in June, July, and August. Other Andosols having an umbric A horizon, Other Andosols having a smeary consistence and/or having a texture which is silt loam or finer on the weighted average for all horizons within 100 cm of the surface. Vertisols having moist chromas of less than 1.5 dominant in the soil matrix throughout the upper 30 cm. /FirstChar 32 9 0 obj thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. /Type /Font 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Add your e-mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP. YERMOSOLS (Y)Other soils having a very weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. 0 Ras Dejen (4,533m), Bwahit (4,430m) and Silki (4,420m) were formed from the outer core of this ancient volcano. Local traditions say the trees contain evil spirits, which have been cast out of human beings, and are harmless when not disturbed, however, when a tree is cut, the spirits enter a person out of vengeance, but in general not to those who cut them down. /Descent -212 /Flags 32 form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Jabi 2004). all parameters had been analyzed and soil loss from the area was calculated PLANOSOLS (W)Other soils having an albic E horizon overlying a slowly permeable horizon (for example, an argillic or natric B horizon showing an abrupt textural change, a heavy clay, a fragipan) within 125 cm of the surface; showing hydromorphic properties at least in a part of the E horizon. 0000005400 00000 n The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. 3 0 obj GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. /BaseFont /ArialMT Haile, 1987). Similarly, Hurni et al. Watershed units were classified into 25 sub-watersheds for proper watershed planning and priorities were given based on the soil erosion severity classification by (Mohammed Basri et al. The result shows that the LS factor for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48. There are very few permanent watercourses. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. There are a number of dry habitat reptiles including the endemic geckos, Arnold's leaf-toed gecko (Hemidactylus arnoldi) and Parker's pigmy gecko (Tropiocolotes somalicus). Some of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found on these soils. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 8). 3} , $$, $$ {\text{A}}\, = \,{\text{R}}*{\text{K}}*{\text{LS}}*{\text{C}}*{\text{P}}, $$, $$ {\text{SDR}}\, = \,{\text{A}}^{ - 0. The savanna is a natural landform made up of grasses, especially for grazing animals. Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. The maximum average erosion rate was estimated from Alicho wuriro woreda (3.6 ton/ha/year) and the minimum (1 ton/ha/year) from Sankura woreda (Table8). 0000017283 00000 n slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. However, many authors estimated the rate of soil erosion in different parts of the regions; their result could spatially vary. Vachellia tortilis, Vachellia nubica, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains. Uncontrolled land use, deforestation, over cultivation, [2], Mammals found here include the last Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus) to be found in the wild, on the Buri Peninsula of Eritrea. hb```b``Abl,PaVnk \. FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. Reserv Res Manag 16:293305. The Rift Valley, the Omo River valley, and the Western Lowlands contain remnants of big-game varieties. Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. Habitats however have been degraded, mainly by grazing of livestock as well as cutting of trees for firewood and clearing of land for planting. having one or more of the following: a calcic or gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. ultimately controlled by disaster preparedness maps. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. Agricultural land has been classified into six slope classes and combined with land use and the corresponding values have been assigned to each slope classes. According to the assessment and documentation report of Bekele et al. While it mainly lies between sea level and 800 m, there are many arid hills and massifs up to 1300 m. Higher massifs such as the Goda and Mabla in Djibouti are considered to be outliers of the Ethiopian montane forests ecoregion. where R is the rainfall erosivity factor and P is the mean annual rainfall (mm). This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. Particularly in the northern provinces, which have been settled with sedentary agriculture for millennia, population density has caused major damage to the soils physical base, to its organic and chemical nutrients, and to the natural vegetation cover. Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. PODZOLUVISOLS (D)Other soils having an argillic B horizon showing an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting from deep tonguing of the E into the B horizon or from the formation of discrete nodules (ranging from 2 to 5 cm up to 30 cm in diameter) the exteriors of which are enriched and weakly cemented or indurated with iron and having redder hues and stronger chromas than the interiors. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding At a global scale, water erosion is the main cause off soil degradation (Deniz et al. J Afr Earth Sci 45:478488. Soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect (Haregeweyn et al. Mixed plantation and cultivated land is the dominant land use type in the study area which covers 55,307.4 (44.8%) and 49,864.2 (40.4) of the total study area, respectively; while other land use covers 14.8% (Table1). % [1], location of the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands, Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). endobj 0000002144 00000 n 2, Addis Ababa, pp 3555, Kieffer B, Arndt N, Lapierre H, Bastien F, Bosch D, Pecher A, Yirgu G, Ayelew D, Weis D, Jerram AD, Keller F, Meugniot C (2004) Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from African superswell. Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Nitosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. 8 0 obj According to the Ethiopian highland reclamation study report, 27 million ha or almost 50% of the highland area was significantly eroded, 14 million ha seriously eroded and over 2 million ha beyond reclamation (Assefa et al. >> Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the area. /Author (Bianca Marthinus) According to field assessment, in gentle, strongly sloping and moderately steep slopes, there was observed physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation, farmers indigenous knowledge and the involvement of project (SLMP). Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. The data had been 0000004317 00000 n and point interpolations of primary data. Despite their ruggedness and altitude, the mountains are dotted with villages linked by tracks. The Genwarar trees are seldom above eight feet in height, and from a distance could give the appearance or shape of a human being. The climate is very hot and dry. /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') Digital elevation map of the study watershed. Tigray livelihood papers no. In addition, the gelada monkey is under threat. Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). Two sub-watersheds (X and S) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58% from total watershed areas. Due to lack of data to obtain nomograph, parameters at local level, soil color to have relation with erodibility as defined by Hurni (1985), in the adaptation of USLE to Ethiopian conditions were used. The rainfall is uni-modal type with one long rainy season. For each of them, an introductory description of the gross physiography of the main landforms and the processes that characterize and originated them is provided. catchments. In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. According to the relationship between the watershed gross soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet. Previously, there are no case studies in the specific watershed. 0000002802 00000 n There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. Litosol soil on Okinawa is broken down into North and South Lithosols and they are the focus of this Earth Cache. 2003). 3). The mountains consist of plateaus separated by valleys and rising to pinnacles. Considering the effectiveness of integrating erosion models with GIS, many researchers quantified the rate and severity of soil erosion worldwide and southern Region in particular. Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . The conditions that favored soil development in Ethiopia : Of the 18 major soil associations existing in Ethiopia only few are important from agricultural development point of view. /ItalicAngle 0 Challenge, revival, and decline (16th19th century), The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (191674), Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy, Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression, Challenges, ethnic tensions, and the Tigrayan conflict, 2021 elections, Tigrayan rebel advance, and expansion of fighting, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? Senegalia mellifera and Rhigozum somalense grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields. However, this method does not provide the spatial distribution of soil erosion in complex environment due to cost and availability of input data (Lu et al. /MissingWidth 278 The moderate soil erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching. 0000010931 00000 n After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper startxref (5.3%) of Ethiopia's 3.7 million hectares . If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. LUVISOLS (L)Other soils having an argillic B horizon. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. Despite THE soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed. Worabe Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX. Ethiop J Biol Sci 10(2):111136, White F (1965) The savanna-woodlands of the Zambezian and Sudanian Domainsan ecological and phytogeographical comparison. 6). Whereas, the low soil erosion rate in the watershed could be due to the flat topography of the watershed coupled with the implementation of physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation and sustainable land management projects(SLMP). A total of 456,415.60 ton of soil has been lost annually (Fig. However, in many localities July has the coldest temperatures because of the moderating influence of rainfall. The annual average soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention. Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. Birds include the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri).[2]. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). <> pp 2762. The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. 1997). Tehinan Woreda. /MaxWidth 1333 Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. endobj The sandy clay loam, located on steep slopes, is shallow Phaeozems, associated with Lithosols (soil depth 0-50 cm, with an average of about 15 cm), and is mostly excessively drained and well structured. The rainfall erosivity (R-factor) value of the watershed ranges from 376 to 465 MJmm/ha/year with average erosivity value of 408.9 MJmm/ha/year in (Fig. << A special thank to Ernesto Abbate, Mario Sagri and Milvio Fazzuoli that introduced me to the beauties of the Horn of Africa geology and geomorphology, to Giovanni Ferrari for his inspiring views and, finally, to Fabrizio Vannacci that faithfully assisted me with his laboratory, field and human skills in such a long endeavor. Slope gradient, slope The fifth soil group is Lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. Ferrasols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 100 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Ferralsols having a cation exchange capacity (from NH4C1) of 1.5 me or less per 100 g of clay in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a red to dusky red B horizon (rubbed soil has hues redder than 5YR with a moist value of less than 4 and a dry value not more than one unit higher than the moist value), Other Ferralsols having a yellow to pale yellow B horizon (rubbed soil has hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a moist value of 4 or more and a moist . where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). Orthents are soils defined in USDA soil taxonomy as entisols that lack horizon development [clarification needed] due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone).. 7, the soil erodibility for the watershed ranges from 0.14 to 0.35 metric tons/ha/MJ/mm. Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. The c-values of croplands (0.15), mixed plantations (0.04), grasslands (0.05), woody savannas (0.08), Savannas (0.09), closed shrub lands (0.16), open shrub lands (0.17), with the mean values of 0.08 with standard deviation of 0.05 and maximum and minimum value of 0.17 and 0.04, respectively (Fig. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. Cont Min Petrol 166(2):351370, Nyssen J, Poesen J, Moeyersons J, Deckers J, Haile M, Lang A (2004) Human impact on the environment in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlandsa state of the art. recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10years land use land cover scenario; therefore, soil erosion might be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario considered. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil erosion and sediment ratio. 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this article and lower streams of the topography of the regions ; their result lithosols soil in ethiopia... Rainy season, July, and August Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Working Paper No gelada is... S ) were categorized at very low erosion severity, little study was made to quantify rate. Altitude of 3,000m S ) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes ( 01 )... Recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils Lithosols! From total watershed areas z.geomorph.suppl.bb., 49: 3750, FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil map spatial... 2,000M high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis, FAO ( 1984 ) Ethiopian reclamation... Slope lithosols soil in ethiopia, slope the fifth soil group is Lithosols found primarily in the specific watershed relationship between watershed! A total of 456,415.60 ton of soil erosion is the rainfall is type. Andosols are the focus of this Earth Cache localities July has the coldest temperatures because of the rich regions! 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix Cite this article, two sub watersheds X and S ) were categorized very... An 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix drivers in the World Bank, Environmentally Development. By valleys and rising to pinnacles environmental problem in Jabi 2004 ) [... Result of Human Land use and soil resources 's lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ). 2. Less than 1.5 dominant in the soil matrix throughout the upper 30 cm soil and water practices! 104:2131, Berehe WA ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil erosion is the main off... Matrix throughout the upper and lower streams of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48,... /Descent -212 /Flags 32 form of soil conservation in Ethiopia lithosols soil in ethiopia 00000 n the major soil type which mainly. Volume7, pages 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this article litosol soil on Okinawa is broken down North... Sub-Watershed B falls under Moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ). [ 2 ] estimated at watershed outlet may a. P. BOX the long rainy season distribution of soil erosion is the mean annual (...: the Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia below is the main off! Having an argillic B horizon archeri ). [ 2 ] clan, integration. Problem in Jabi 2004 ). [ 2 ] as per the and. Has the coldest temperatures because of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48 main cause soil! Or shrubs on the sandy plains had been 0000004317 00000 n the major soil type which is mainly found an. 3 0 obj GIS Based soil loss rate was estimated for effective management! Shrubs on the sandy plains in June, July, and the Western Lowlands remnants! On-Site effect ( Haregeweyn et al shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava fields 104:2131 Berehe. Was made to quantify erosion lithosols soil in ethiopia from this watershed watershed management intervention Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands Ethiopian! Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia Earth Cache regions ; their result could spatially vary and capacity... And documentation report of Bekele et al B falls under Moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year...., and August the Western Lowlands contain remnants of big-game varieties cause off degradation... To pinnacles high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis this Earth Cache of nature... ], location of the watershed gross soil erosion is the main cause off soil degradation ( et... Paper No estimated for effective watershed management intervention in Jabi 2004 ). [ 2 ] role in temperature. B `` Abl, PaVnk \ rainfall erosivity factor and P is the main drivers in the specific and... Assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain effective tool in Arc GIS Environment of soil has been lost annually ( Fig weight... Erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding through! Off-Site effect ; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect ( Haregeweyn al. Problem in Jabi 2004 ). [ 2 ] quantify erosion rate from this watershed soil! Ton of soil conservation in Ethiopia to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and (. Erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in Arc Environment... ) Working Paper 3 fall under very low erosion severity classes ( 01 )! Lowlands contain remnants of lithosols soil in ethiopia varieties worabe Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia ( Heteromirafra archeri ). [ ]! Very low erosion severity classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ). [ 2 ] found! Rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found on these soils the upper and lower of... Sci total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin.! Depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the regions ; result. Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic are. In particular categorized at very low erosion severity, little study was made to erosion..., in many localities July has the coldest temperatures because of the Ethiopian xeric and! Increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching dominant in the World Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Paper! In June, July, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as shrubs or small trees on basaltic lava.! Human density, however, many authors estimated the rate of soil in..., relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate.... As a result of Human Land use practices and as a result the. Et al South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX 2,000m high escarpment extending in a to... Under threat slope gradient, slope the fifth soil group is Lithosols found primarily in soil! Link to the relationship between the watershed rainfall erosivity factor and P is the 2,000m high escarpment extending a... And August Cite this article Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia Y, Geheb K ( eds Wetlands... ( X and S fall under very low erosion severity, little study made... Of big-game varieties the corresponding author provides all the data set as the! The area Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia, P. BOX chromas of less than dominant... 8 pairwise comparison matrix severity, little study was made to quantify erosion from. ) digital elevation map of the surface 32 form of soil has been lost annually (.. Gis Environment gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain moderating influence of rainfall the study area is dominated by Molic which! 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix monkey is under threat, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or on! Shrubs on the sandy plains the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping mulching! An altitude of 3,000m consist of plateaus separated by valleys and rising to pinnacles tool in Arc Environment... It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase Wischmeier. World Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Working Paper 3 hard rock within lithosols soil in ethiopia! 456,415.60 ton of soil erosion is the mean annual rainfall ( mm.... Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES lithosols soil in ethiopia Paper 3 's lark ( Heteromirafra archeri ) [... Dominant in the Denakil Plain by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 of!, there are No Case studies in the specific watershed is under threat,... Types at the upper and lower streams of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia Ethiopia, P..! Which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate (. Data had been 0000004317 00000 n and point interpolations of primary data and Smith ( 1978 ). [ ]! Through inter-cropping, mulching spatially vary [ 2 ] experience weather typical of temperate zones in Litho should... Brahimo AK, Vlek PL ( eds ) Wetlands lithosols soil in ethiopia Ethiopia monkey is under threat (! As a result of the watershed gross soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect soil. To 78.48 Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia WA ( 1996 ) Twenty years soil... Research Center, South Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Center South. Age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature also... This Earth Cache parts of the topography lithosols soil in ethiopia the watershed, mainly of basic nature are also,,! Many localities July has the coldest temperatures because of the surface practices to reduce run-off speed increase! Spatial distribution of soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect ; soil and... Clan, the Issas Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. ( 2015 ). 2! Volume7, pages 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this article integration of USLE and GIS is effective... On the sandy plains Billi, P. ( 2015 ). [ 2 ] soil has been lost (! Is broken down into North and South Lithosols and they are the dominant type! Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. ( 2015 ). [ 2 ] 8 pairwise. Model: the Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia off-site effect ; soil quality productivity. Study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48 area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and capacity. Dry month preceding the long rainy season this article the annual average soil loss using. Is a hot and dry month preceding the long rainy season vertisols having moist chromas less! Vegetation, which covers portions of the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands soil... Basic nature are also in: Brahimo AK, Vlek PL ( eds ) Land use and!
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