She continued her work there on behalf of African Americans. Ida B. 1900. These advocates of the unwritten law boldly avowed their purpose to intimidate, suppress, and nullify the negros right to vote. Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. In "Lynch Law in All Its Phases," Wells details the events surrounding Moss's lynching in Memphis. The cover page for Southern Horrors: Lynch Law In All Its Phases (1892), the first pamphlet by Ida B. This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. In 1892 she became the co-owner of a small newspaper for African Americans in Memphis, the Free Speech. The Unsung Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement, Documents in Detail: "Against American Imperialism", Check out our collection of primary source readers. LYNCH LAW BY IDA B. See also, Lisa D. Cook, Converging to a National Lynching Database: Recent Developments, (2011) which describes and analyzes different databases of lynching incidents. . Wells, Ida B.. "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. The entire number is divided among the following States: Alabama 22 Montana. 4Arkansas.. 25 New York 1California 3 North Carolina 5Florida 11 North Dakota.. 1Georgia 17 Ohio. 3Idaho.. 8 South Carolina 5Illinois.. 1 Tennessee.. 28Kansas. 3 Texas 15Kentucky.. 9 Virginia 7Louisiana. 29 West Virginia. . Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a prominent journalist, activist, and researcher, in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. . 1 An African-American woman of "striking courage and conviction," she received national recognition as the leader of the anti-lynching crusade. Those were busy days of busy men. However, as a forty-year-old African American in 1900, denied an . In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. The campaign against lynching began in earnest in 1892 when Ida B. By challenging the white power structure, she became a target. Book from Project Gutenberg: Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. Born into slavery during the Civil War, Ida B. ThoughtCo. June 01, 1909 New York City, New York. . Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900. 2 Wells-Barnett sought a federal anti-lynching law that would Wells was an African American journalist, abolitionist and feminist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. Wells was the most prominent anti-lynching campaigner in the United States. The report noted that Wells had been welcomed by a local chapter of the Anti-Lynching Society, and a letter from Frederick Douglass, regretting that he couldn't attend, had been read. close Export to Citation Manager (RIS) Back to item In 1892, when lynching reached high-water mark, there were 241 persons lynched. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. In 1892, Wells had left Memphis to attend a conference in . The Arena. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. When Ida was young she was educated in a local school, though her education was interrupted when both her parents died in a yellow fever epidemic when she was 16. . Today, we should take time to pause . In support of its plans the Ku-Klux Klans, the red-shirt and similar organizations proceeded to beat, exile, and kill negroes until the purpose of their organization was accomplished and the supremacy of the unwritten law was effected. In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. No police try to stop the mob as a noose is thrown over a tree limb. Wells, notebook in hand, runs to the leader of the mob and questions the reasoning for this man's execution. It is considered a sufficient excuse and reasonable justification to put a prisoner to death under this unwritten law for the frequently repeated charge that these lynching horrors are necessary to prevent crimes against women. The only way a man had to secure a stay of execution was to behave himself. The American Birthright and the Philippine Pottage. When the court adjourned, the prisoner was dead. Through the accounts of two major Georgia newspapers and her own commentary, Wells-Barnett shed light on the lynchings of 12 African Americans over a six-week period. A lynching is the public killing of an individual who has not received any due process. Lynch Law in America By Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1900) O ur count ry' s nat ional cri m e i s l ynchi ng. The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. Retrieved March 01, 2023, from https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases by Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931. They are as follows : In the case of the boy and girl above referred to, their father, named Hastings, was accused of the murder of a white man. Most were written by African-American authors, though some were . She traveled to England in 1893 and 1894, and spoke at many public meetings about the conditions in the American South. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. America during the first six months of this year (1893). . Although the victims of lynchings were members of various ethnicities, after roughly 4 million enslaved African Americans were emancipated, they became the primary targets of white Southerners. It contains the reports of several lynchings and the results of an . Ida B. Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 1524. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. In 1894 she returned to America and embarked on a speaking tour. But since the world has accepted this false and unjust statement, and the burden of proof has been placed upon the negro to vindicate his race, he is taking steps to do so. The Tariff History of the United States (Part I), The Tariff History of the United States (Part II). She refused and was ejected from the train. Co., 1892. warning Note: These citations are software generated and may contain errors. Download Book Lynch Law In Georgia PDF. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint[1] under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. . For more information, including classroom activities, readability data, and original sources, please visit https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. Of 4743 people lynched, 72% were African American and 28% white. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets ; then the father was also lynched. Murray Collection with a date range of 1822 through 1909. Five of this number were females. Five of this number were females. Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly-made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. Again the aid of the unwritten law is invoked, and again it comes to the rescue. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. American . But that did not stop journalist Ida B. Ida B. From Ida B. Finally, for love of country. She continued her work documenting lynchings. No scoffer at our boasted American civilization could say anything more harsh of it than does the American white man himself who says he is unable to protect the honor of his women without resort to such brutal, inhuman, and degrading exhibitions as characterize lynching bees. The cannibals of the South Sea Islands roast human beings alive to satisfy hunger. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one southern state after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Print friendly. . . Under the authority of a national law that gave every citizen the right to vote, the newly-made citizens chose to exercise their suffrage. If a few barns were burned some colored man was killed to stop it. "Ida B. Southern . . In many other instances there has been a silence that says more forcibly than words can proclaim it that it is right and proper that a human being should be seized by a mob and burned to death upon the unsworn and the uncorroborated charge of his accuser. The Tariff History of the United States (Part I), The Tariff History of the United States (Part II). In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. The mayor gave the school children a holiday and the railroads ran excursion trains so that the people might see a human being burned to death. Of this number, 160 were of negro descent. And she resolved to become an activist when, on May 4, 1884, she was ordered to leave her seat on a streetcar and move to a segregated car. They are as follows: Rape 46 Attempted rape 11Murder. 58 Suspected robbery 4Rioting 3 Larceny. 1Race Prejudice.. 6 Self-defense.. 1No cause given.. 4 Insulting women2Incendiarism. 6 Desperadoes 6Robbery 6 Fraud 1Assault and battery 1 Attempted murder. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. Naturally, they felt slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks. If the leaders of the mob are so minded, coal-oil is poured over the body and the victim is then roasted to death. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against "negro domination" and proclaimed there was an "unwritten law" that justied any means to resist it. The thief who stole a horse, the bully who jumped a claim, was a common enemy. At one point a newspaper she owned was burned by a white mob. Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 15-24. Wells: "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Log in to see the full document and commentary. Wells was encouraged to pursue her education, and she eventually became a teacher herself. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. The pamphlet was reprinted in 1893 and 1894. This occurred in November, 1892, at Jonesville, La. She utilized her journalistic capacity and position as author to spread her message of dissention against lynching and the unfair prosecution and deaths of African Americans. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Wells died she had faded from public view somewhat, and major newspapers did not note her passing. She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularly the rape of white No nation, savage or civilized, save only the United States of America, has confessed its inability to protect its women save by hanging, shooting, and burning alleged offenders. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Important Black Women in American History, 27 Black American Women Writers You Should Know, 6 Revealing Autobiographies by African American Thinkers, African-American History and Women Timeline (1930-1939), The African American Press Timeline: 1827 to 1895, African-American Men and Women of the Progressive Era, Robert Sengstacke Abbott: Publisher of "The Chicago Defender", The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Instructors: CLICK HERE to request a free trial account (only available to college instructors) Primary Source Readers At Milestone Documents, we believe that engaging with history's original voices is exciting for students and liberating for instructors. African American journalist Ida B. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the efforts to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. The world looks on and says it is well. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets; then the father was also lynched. Address Accepting Democratic Presidential Nominati State of the Union Address Part II (1901), State of the Union Address Part II (1904), State of the Union Address Part II (1905), State of the Union Address Part II (1906), State of the Union Address Part II (1907), State of the Union Address Part II (1908), State of the Union Address Part II (1911), An Address to Congress on the Mexican Crisis. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. Thus lynchings began in the South, rapidly spreading into the various States until the national law was nullified and the reign of the unwritten law was supreme. "Lynch Law in America" (Speech Given in Chicago, Illinois; Jan. 1900) by Ida B Wells Our country's national crime is lynching. Wells exposed the hypocrisy of lynching in the following excerpt, taken from The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition, a pamphlet published in 1893 for the Chicago World's Fair. On Feb. 13, 1893, Wells delivered a scathing rebuke of lynching in front of a mostly white and angry audience at Boston's Tremont Temple. But this alleged reason adds to the deliberate injustice of the mobs work. When Ida was 16, her family faced a terrible tragedy when her parents and baby brother died of yellow fever. If a colored man resented the imposition of a white man and the two came to blows, the colored man had to die, either at the hands of the white man then and there or later at the hands of a mob that speedily gathered. The Negros Place in World Reorganization, The Subjective Necessity of Social Settlements, Some Reasons Why We Oppose Votes for Women, National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. In the case of the boy and girl above referred to, their father, named Hastings, was accused of the murder of a white man. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900 by Ida B. This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. A few months ago the conscience of this country was shocked because, after a two-weeks trial, a French judicial tribunal pronounced Captain Dreyfus guilty. This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. . The emergency no longer existing, lynching gradually disappeared from the West. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Wells, "Lynch Law in America: The Arena vol 23 (January 1900):15-24. . Wells resolved to document the lynchings in the South, and to speak out in hopes of ending the practice. She examined a number of cases of lynching and concluded that the accusations of criminal activity were mere pretexts, contrary to the claims of those who tried to justify the practice. Ida B. Ida B. The Bible at the Center of the Modern University. Aims and Objects of the Movement for Solution of t "The Bible," from Christianity and Liberalism. The Problem of Japan: A Japanese Liberal's View. Wells died on March 25, 1931. Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. ters were from Ida B. Wells-Barnettjournalist, author, public speaker, and civil rights activistwho received national and international attention for her efforts to expose, educate, and inform the public on the evils and truths of lynching. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. The world looks on and says it is well. 4) Double standard of criminal law. But their trouble was all in vainhe never uttered a cry, and they could not make him confess. No American travels abroad without blushing for shame for his country on this subject. Wells Additional Information Year Published: 1900 Language: English Country of Origin: United States of America Source: Wells, I. The horrendous practice of lynching had become widespread in the South in the decades following the Civil War. United States Atrocities : Lynch Law. Furthermore, Wells makes her argument persuasive by using ethos and logos to appeal to the audience. There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. She later was active in promoting justice for African Americans. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South] . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like "Lynch Law In America" 1900 Speech by Ida B. They lived in Chicago and had four children. (2020, August 27). Ida B. During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. The entire number is divided among the following states. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. A Negro woman, Lou Stevens, was hanged from a railway bridge in Hollendale, Mississippi, in 1892. The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. Address at the National Negro Conference. . Collection gutenberg Contributor Project Gutenberg Language Our nation has been active and outspoken in its endeavors to right the wrongs of the Armenian Christian, the Russian Jew, the Irish Home Ruler, the native women of India, the Siberian exile, and the Cuban patriot. The photo is from about 1893. Humiliating indeed, but altogether unanswerable, was the reply of the French press to our protest: Stop your lynchings at home before you send your protests abroad.. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408. She was charged with being accessory to the murder of her white paramour, who had shamefully abused her. Life in Industrial America. Another source of statistics and information on lynching is the report of the Equal Justice Institute. 2) vivid language for white hypocrisy. 5 On December 22, 1886 . But men, women, and children were the victims of murder by individuals and murder by mobs, just as they had been when killed at the demands of the unwritten law to prevent negro domination. Negroes were killed for disputing over terms of contracts with their employers. The red Indian of the Western plains tied his prisoner to the stake, tortured him, and danced in fiendish glee while his victim writhed in the flames. She went on to found and become integral in groups. The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. . Of five hundred newspaper clippings of that horrible affair, nine-tenths of them assumed Hoses guiltsimply because his murderers said so, and because it is the fashion to believe the negro peculiarly addicted to this species of crime. massacre.. $147,748.74 The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). 1) Anaphora listing injustice and arbitrariness. Wells moved from Memphis to Brooklyn. [2] Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas ; the remainder were murdered in the South. Address Accepting Democratic Presidential Nominati State of the Union Address Part II (1901), State of the Union Address Part II (1904), State of the Union Address Part II (1905), State of the Union Address Part II (1906), State of the Union Address Part II (1907), State of the Union Address Part II (1908), State of the Union Address Part II (1911), An Address to Congress on the Mexican Crisis. Lynching remains one of the most disturbing and least understood atrocities in American history . . Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. But this question affects the entire American nation, and from several points of view: First, on the ground of consistency. She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularlythe rape of white women by black mencommonly offered to justify the practice. What does the geographic dispersion of lynching and its biracial character tell us? . These people knew nothing about Christianity and did not profess to follow its teachings; but such primary laws as they had they lived up to. Ida B. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. And whatever the excuse that passes current in the United States, it avails nothing abroad. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. Biography of Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Journalist Who Fought Racism. The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. 'without . Wells was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862, six months before the Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to her enslaved parents. An address she gave in Brooklyn, New York, on December 10, 1894, was covered in the New York Times. Wells became deeply interested in the lynching problem after three Black businessmen she knew were killed by a white mob outside Memphis, Tennessee, in 1892. One of the most outspoken and tireless leaders against lynch law was Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Copyright 20062023 by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida. & quot ; Lynch Law in America & quot ; Lynch Law in Its. 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