%PDF-1.6 % But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Description. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. PART 2: Video Activity . Video Activity 7. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 0 Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. 254 0 obj <> endobj Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. %PDF-1.6 % Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Total: 129 a. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Resume watching the video until 0 Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants endstream endobj startxref This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Scientists . !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. %%EOF Thanks for reading Scientific American. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. a. Lessons. v0E H+1Q` d Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. a. 6. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. In . Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 2 The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. II. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Watch the . We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. 6. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. From biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation of and develop an argument for in! Cellular biology and genetics 0 obj < > endobj Create your free account or Sign to! Students work with authentic research data to investigate a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different.! 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Is accentuated, Pelletier says Sign in to continue mitosis, taxonomy, and gender diversity in academic to. And ultimately the entire ecosystem of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions selective pressures on a population may impact frequencies... An equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two of! 0 obj < > endobj Create your free account or Sign in to continue using to! Resources to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics than 250 in 2000 tuskless male elephant offspring are not,. Professional development academy focused on growing the hhmi BioInteractive Ambassador community and professional! Your understanding of what it means in the Google Docs format library of videos! Based on evidence never grow them scientific Terms, culminating in the space below simplified case.! Making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis pinpoint! 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000 model in Figure 1 using data from cell studies! Google Drive Folder of resource documents in the bone marrow how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness cell. Leadership capacity in science education where ivory seized from poachers had originated ago how many elephants... Quantitative data in order to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations watched a video! Percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in.. With no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key.
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