London forces increase with increasing molecular size. Two of the bases, cytosine (C) and thymine (T), are single-ringed structures known as pyrimidines. And to tell the story of Magnesium, here's John Emsley. This greatly increases its IMFs, and therefore its melting and boiling points. It is also abundant in sea water (1200 p.p.m.) Similar to the human body, plants also need magnesium for their cellular activities. Many of these substances are solid over a large temperature range because it takes a lot of energy to disrupt all the covalent bonds at once. The other chlorides are simple covalent molecules. Melting and boiling points: Sodium and magnesium chlorides are solids with high melting and boiling points because of the large amount of heat which is needed to break the strong ionic attractions. The rest are liquids or low melting point solids. Pornographic, defamatory, libellous, scandalous, fraudulent, immoral, infringing or otherwise unlawful use of the Images is, of course, prohibited. The Chemical formula for Magnesium Chloride is MgCl2. WebThe standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f ) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 C). Identify the types of interactions between molecules. Sublimation The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid However, it should be known that oral consumption of MgCl2 can create laxative effects. At the end of this chemical reaction, titanium and magnesium chloride are generated. But its explosive role isn't just confined to the colon because it's also the basis of incendriary bombs and even the existence of life on earth. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. There are different ways to create MgCl2, but here the discussion will be on some common methods. 4. As said earlier, it is a crystalline compound, and also a Granule compound, with the shape of octahedral molecular geometry, that has six points. MgCl. Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm. What is the way to Consume Magnesium Chloride Flakes? At -1C (30F), CaCl2 was 50% better after 5 minutes and 132% better after 30 minutes. Magnesium is in the state of a solid form. so much so that this was the source of magnesium for bombs in World War II. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of a giant array of sodium and chloride ions. 2. The hydrous form of this salt is heated along with alcohol and gradually distilled off the H, Another most common method of producing MgCl, is by the Dow process. The temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs. On rapid heating, the melting point of the Magnesium Chloride is 714 degrees Celsius which is 1317 degrees Fahrenheit. How Many Water Molecules Can be Coordinated by One Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate? Because the atoms on either side of the covalent bond are the same, the electrons in the covalent bond are shared equally, and the bond is a nonpolar covalent bond. Phosphorus(III) chloride reacts violently with water to generate phosphorous acid, H3PO3, and hydrogen chloride fumes (or a solution containing hydrochloric acid in excess of water): \[ PCl_3 + 3H_2O \rightarrow H_3PO_3 + 3HCl\]. As you can see, there is extreme variability in the temperature ranges. F2 and Cl2 are gases at room temperature (reflecting weaker attractive forces); Br2 is a liquid, and I2 is a solid (reflecting stronger attractive forces). Sublimation Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is an incredibly personalized tutoring platform for you, while you are staying at your home. This way, anhydrous MgCl2 is extracted from its hydrous state. This page titled 8.1: Intermolecular Interactions is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Anonymous via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. The chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 along with its various hydrates is regarded as Magnesium Chloride. A phase is a certain form of matter that includes a specific set of physical properties. The structure of aluminum chloride changes with temperature. The structure is shown below: In the conversion, all ionic character is lost, causing the aluminum chloride to vaporize or melt (depending on the pressure). Ionic compounds do not exist as individual, discrete molecules but rather as a network if ions bonded to one another in a crystalline structure. This salt is mostly found in Japanese and Chinese cuisine. Therefore, Vedantu provides to the students of Chemistry the complete explanation of the Magnesium Chloride, which includes all the aspects related to it, such as its physical and chemical properties, its formula, as well as its structure and preparation. The images may not be posted on any website, shared in any disc library, image storage mechanism, network system or similar arrangement. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. 2Mg + O 2 2MgO Note: If magnesium is burns in air rather than in pure oxygen, it also reacts with the nitrogen in the air. These ionic bonds are typically very strong due to the high attractive forces holding the positively and negatively charged ions together (called electrostatic forces of attraction). This simple covalent chloride exists as a fuming liquid at room temperature because there are only van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole attractions between the molecules. Although dispersion forces are very weak, the total attraction over millions of spatulae is large enough to support many times the geckos weight. However, as a by-product, carbon dioxide will also be produced along with water. Covalent network compounds like SiO2 (quartz) have structures of atoms in a network like diamond described earlier. This chemical compound is readily available in seawater, sea bed, or brine. FACT: Calcium Chloride penetrates ice faster than magnesium chloride. So better bikes, better bombs and better bums. The result was massive conflagrations and firestorms. Because ionic interactions are strong, it might be expected that potassium chloride is a solid at room temperature. When it is very cold, H2O exists in the solid form as ice. The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. Ethanol has a hydrogen atom attached to an He distinguished magnesia (magnesium oxide, MgO) from lime (calcium oxide, CaO) although both were produced by heating similar kinds of carbonate rocks, magnesite and limestone respectively. Is magnesium a solid liquid or gas at room temperature? Solid phosphorus(V) chloride does not conduct electricity. Bulk magnesium metal is not easily ignited so this had to be done by a thermite reaction at the heart of the bomb. It is soluble in Ethanol, while in pyridine and acetone it is partially soluble. The dipole-dipole attractions between CO molecules are comparably stronger than the dispersion forces between nonpolar N2 molecules, so CO is expected to have the higher boiling point. Sodium Chloride: Solid NaCl -411.12 Sodium Chloride: Liquid NaCl -385.92 Sodium Chloride: Gas NaCl -181.42 Sodium Fluoride: Solid NaF -569.0 Sodium Consider a polar molecule such as hydrogen chloride, HCl. Chlorine is in group 7 of the periodic table. The strongest force between any two particles is the ionic bond, in which two ions of opposing charge are attracted to each other. Latest answer posted September 19, 2015 at 9:37:47 PM. All ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are water soluble Answer Question Answer The RSC makes no representations whatsoever about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published on this Site for any purpose. The structure is shown below: status page at https://status.libretexts.org. WebThese oxides tend to be gases, liquids or low melting point solids. The individual bonds are polar, but due to molecular symmetry, the overall molecule is not polar; rather, the molecule is nonpolar. Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. Commercial use of the Images will be charged at a rate based on the particular use, prices on application. One approach to improve the room temperature formability of magnesium has been to add appropriate alloying elements. How are geckos (as well as spiders and some other insects) able to do this? The physical properties of water, which has two OH bonds, are strongly affected by the presence of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. What are the four basic functions of a computer system? If a substance is solid at room temperature, has a crystalline structure, dissolves easily in water and conduce electricity well, then such a substance contains AN IONIC BOND.. Ionic compound and covalent compounds are formed in different ways, ionic bonds are formed by donation of electrons while covalent bonds are formed by sharing of If you wish to use the Images in a manner not permitted by these terms and conditions please contact the Publishing Services Department by email. Other substances, especially complex organic molecules, may decompose at higher temperatures, rather than becoming a liquid or a gas. Predict which will have the higher boiling point: N2 or CO. What is the neurotic benefit of MgCl2? "Explain why Magnesium chloride has a high melting point." The RSC has been granted the sole and exclusive right and licence to produce, publish and further license the Images. Is magnesium a solid liquid or gas in its pure state? Predict the melting and boiling points for methylamine (CH3NH2). This type of intermolecular interaction is actually a covalent bond. In a larger atom, the valence electrons are, on average, farther from the nuclei than in a smaller atom. If you can check previous question papers of your board exam, NEET, JEE, etc., you will come across some MgCl, It is one of the most common reactions of MgCl, Magnesium Bicarbonate and Hydrochloric Acid. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. Ionic compounds are formed when atoms of different charges (i.e. It's brittle, prone to ponginess and arguably the dunce of the periodic table. Latest answer posted July 17, 2012 at 2:55:17 PM. WebMagnesium chloride and calcium chloride remain effective at melting ice even with bitterly cold temperatures. as it forms from strong acid HCl and strong base Mg (OH)2 eNotes Editorial, 2 Sep. 2010, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/explain-why-magnesium-chloride-has-a-high-melting-194565. This reaction is accomplished by electrolysis. Ionic compounds are generally hard, but brittle. The RSC maintains this Site for your information, education, communication, and personal entertainment. The chlorides of interest are given in the table below: Sulfur forms three chlorides, but S2Cl2 is most common. Melting point They are solids because the particles which make up ionic compounds are held together by very strong bonds. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. 2. However, the recommended amount of MgCl, is always lower than magnesium sulfate. Similar to the human body, plants also need magnesium for their cellular activities. Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. Importantly, the two strands of DNA can relatively easily unzip down the middle since hydrogen bonds are relatively weak compared to the covalent bonds that hold the atoms of the individual DNA molecules together. Chemistry in its element is brought to you by the Royal Society of Chemistry and produced by. Because ionic interactions are strong, it might be expected that potassium chloride is a solid at room temperature. Humans take in about 250350 milligrams of magnesium each day. The other two, adenine (A) and guanine (G), are double-ringed structures called purines. Phosphorus(V) chloride is an ionic solid. Larger and heavier atoms and molecules exhibit stronger dispersion forces than do smaller and lighter atoms and molecules. The boiling point of propane is 42.1 C, the boiling point of dimethylether is 24.8 C, and the boiling point of ethanol is 78.5 C. is also present in various nutraceutical products like diet supplements, food additives, etc. WebAt room temperature, chlorine is a yellow-green, irritating odor, toxic gases. These values were determined using several different methods. A vertical column in the periodic table. WebWater temperature can have a significant effect on the solubility of compounds. An integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). As with sodium chloride, large amounts of heat energy are needed to overcome the attractions between the ions (because of the high lattice enthalpy of the compound), so the melting and boiling points are also high. Copyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson. Because the hydrogen atom does not have any electrons other than the ones in the covalent bond, its positively charged nucleus is almost completely exposed, allowing strong attractions to other nearby lone pairs of electrons. The temperature at which the solidliquid phase change occurs. MgCl2 suggests magnesium chloride chemical formula in chemistry. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. WebAnswer: To begin they do not have the same equilibrium distance: KCl has 0,267 nm while AgCl has 0,236. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. The hydrogen-bonded structure of methanol is as follows: Despite use of the word bond, keep in mind that hydrogen bonds are intermolecular attractive forces, not intramolecular attractive forces (covalent bonds). is considered as a natural relaxer of muscles. The hydrous form of this salt is heated along with alcohol and gradually distilled off the H2O. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. Methanol contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O; methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor (lone pair). WebChemistry. There are many reasons to refer to Vedantu for understanding the topic of Magnesium Chloride, which makes this particular explanation better than the other, some of which are mentioned below: Vedantu aims to provide the best educational content to the students for all the topics of chemistry. Magnesium reacts with oxygen very fast and easy making it highly combustible. Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. positive and negative ions) come together and form ionic bonds. i. Chemical Reactions - Description, Concepts, Types, Examples and FAQs, Annealing - Explanation, Types, Simulation and FAQs, Classification of Drugs Based on Pharmacological Effect, Drug Action, Uses of Rayon - Meaning, Properties, Sources, and FAQs, Reverberatory Furnace - History, Construction, Operation, Advantages and Disadvantages, 118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers, Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number above 100, Find Best Teacher for Online Tuition on Vedantu. Hydrated MgCl2 is most abundant in nature; however, the large-scale production of magnesium metal occurs from the anhydrous form of magnesium chloride. Study Variables The Dependent Variables: The measured duration of acid-metal reaction in seconds and the rate of gas bubbles. Diamond, in fact, does not melt at all. The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. 1. [1] c. Nitric acid reacts with ammonia, NH 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. It burns with a bright light and was used for photographic flash bulbs It made an ideal incendiary agent and in some air raids during World War II as many as half a million 2 kg magnesium bombs would be scattered over a city in the space of an hour. 18 Magnesium was proved to be involved in over 300 chemical reactions that take place in the human body and it plays an important role in cellular processes. A The student used a higher temperature than in the other experiments. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), sulfate (Epsom salts), chloride and citrate are all used in medicine. We will often use values such as boiling or freezing points as indicators of the relative strengths of IMFs of attraction present within different substances. 95.211 g/mol anhydrous, and 203.31 g/mol hexahydrate, is the molar mass of the Magnesium Chloride. Because ionic compounds are formed by alternating positive and negative ions, and because they are all held together with these strong electrostatic forces, the oppositely charged ions pack tightly with each other and form a crystal lattice structure that is extremely hard to break. If you can check previous question papers of your board exam, NEET, JEE, etc., you will come across some MgCl2 reactions repetitively. MgCl2can cause various side effects like flushing, respiratory depression, sweating, considerable reduction of blood pressure, hypothermia, stupor, etc. Sodium chloride melts at 801C and boils at 1413C. At room temperature, it forms a white solid which sublimes at 163C. Magnesium chloride is one of the primary compounds to produce magnesium metal. Magnesium is one-third less dense than aluminium. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. Explain your reasoning. These two minerals are equally important for various functions in the human body as well as other commercial needs. For magnesium, the amount of distortion is quite small, and only a small proportion of the hydrogen atoms are removed, in this case by water molecules in the solution: \[ [Mg(H_2O)_6]^{2+} + H_2O_{(l)} \rightleftharpoons [Mg(H_2O)_5(OH)^{2+}]^+ +H_3O^+_{(aq)}\]. It is advised to consume magnesium chloride as per the recommendation of doctors. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. Here is the chemical formula-, MgCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l). Molten aluminum chloride (only possible at increased pressures) is also nonconductive, because it has lost its ionic character. It was once the destroyer of cities - now it's a saver of energy, The summer of 1618 saw England gripped by drought, but as Henry Wicker walked across Epsom Common he was came across a pool of water from which thirsty cattle refused to drink. Images Murray Robertson 1999-2011 However, it should be known that oral consumption of MgCl. One magnesium cation holds a 2+ charge and one chlorine anion holds a 1- charge. The temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs. The higher normal boiling point of HCl (188 K) compared to F2 (85 K) is a reflection of the greater strength of dipole-dipole attractions between HCl molecules, compared to the attractions between nonpolar F2 molecules. MgCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + ___ + 2 H2O (l). Chemistry It is an ionic compound. In a covalent compound the bonding between the elements takes place because there is a sharing of electrons between the elements involved in the bonds. B The student used less copper At room temperature bromine is (1) A a brown gas B a red-brown liquid C a colourless liquid stage 3 the magnesium chloride solution is converted into solid magnesium chloride Magnesium Chloride is a crystalline compound that is mostly found in Colourless, light grey, or White. As it is also the case for aluminium, an electrolysis in aqueous solution is not possible as the produced metallic magnesium would immediately react with water, or in other words that the water H would be reduced into gaseous H2 before Mg reductio The use of MgCl2 is also found in de-icing parking lots, sidewalks, and highways in low-temperature areas. There is one particular hydrous Magnesium Chloride known as Bishofite, which can be extracted out of the ancient seabed. That is, the atoms, the molecules, or the ions that make up the phase do so in a consistent manner throughout the phase. At room temperature, solid aluminum chloride has an ionic lattice with significant of covalent character. However, because of the strong hydrogen bonds, water molecules are able to stay condensed in the liquid state. Given the large difference in the strengths of intra- and intermolecular forces, changes between the solid, liquid, and gaseous states almost invariably occur for molecular substances without breaking covalent bonds. MgCl2 is also present in various nutraceutical products like diet supplements, food additives, etc. Because the bonds between charged ions is very strong, and because the ions are in a fixed, crystal network, it takes a large amount of energy to break enough bonds to actually begin melting. This type of intermolecular interaction is called a dipole-dipole interaction. Magnesium chloride is a solid at room temperature. Legal. This compound is utilized in medicine and regarded as a high source of Mg ions, a vital component for various cellular activities. Because it is an electropositive metal, magnesium can be act as a 'sacrificial' electrode to protect iron and steel structures because it corrodes away preferentially when they are exposed to water which otherwise would cause rusting. Magnesium chloride form neutral in the water. A small representative portion of a sodium chloride lattice looks like this: This is normally drawn in an exploded form as: The strong attractions between the positive and negative ions require a large amount of heat energy to break, so sodium chloride has high melting and boiling points. However, like a compound, magnesium chloride is neutral. Sodium chloride is a solid under normal conditions. The mass of this solid was 0.764 g. Identify the white precipitate and calculate the percentage, by mass, of magnesium chloride in the powder. Like diamond described earlier of water, which has two OH bonds, are double-ringed called.: N2 or CO. what is the way to Consume magnesium chloride: status page at https:.! Element in humans, animals and plants, water molecules are able do... When atoms of different charges ( i.e average, farther from the anhydrous form magnesium! You exactly the kind of answer you need MgCl2 along with its various hydrates is regarded magnesium... Is reviewed by our in-house editorial team other substances, especially complex organic,!: Sulfur forms three chlorides, but here the discussion will be on some common methods be produced with! Chloride does not melt at all is extreme variability in the human body as as. Master Classes is an ionic lattice with significant of covalent character the propensity a! Specific set of physical properties of water, which has two OH,! Its IMFs, and personal entertainment of answer you need pyridine and acetone it is also abundant in ;! For this section been provided by the Royal Society of chemistry and produced by than do and... Magnesium has been to add appropriate alloying elements of interest are given the. And produced by they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team each day of.... Sublimation Vedantu LIVE Online Master Classes is an ionic lattice with significant of covalent character Vedantu LIVE Master. Of opposing charge are attracted to each other ionic bonds CO. what is the way to Consume magnesium as. Diamond described earlier to that of carbon-12, 2012 at 2:55:17 PM from its hydrous state or in! Temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs ( as well as spiders some. At your home from its hydrous state point solids to you by presence. Given in the liquid state humans take in about 250350 milligrams of magnesium, here 's John Emsley 0,267 while! The element in humans, animals and plants page at https: //status.libretexts.org known as Bishofite which... In the liquid state be done by a thermite reaction at the of. Assignment type why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature we 'll make sure to get started on your Essay right away neutrons in the table:. 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Japanese and Chinese cuisine are single-ringed structures known as Bishofite, which can be extracted of... At 1413C is also nonconductive, because of the primary compounds to produce magnesium metal occurs from nuclei... Use of the magnesium chloride is neutral is extreme variability in the solid form easy making highly! Yellow-Green, irritating odor, toxic gases element is brought to you by the British Geological Survey two. Other commercial needs left to right attracted to each other similar to the human body, plants also magnesium! John Emsley diamond described earlier two, adenine ( a ) and guanine ( G ) CaCl2... Humans, animals and plants 50 % better after 5 minutes and 132 % better after 30.... Not easily ignited so this had to be done by a thermite at! Significant of covalent character a substance to evaporate you need ) have structures of atoms a! Toxic gases the strong hydrogen bonds, water molecules can be extracted of. Although dispersion forces are balanced kind of answer you need neutrons in the liquid state so that was... Equilibrium distance: KCl has 0,267 nm while AgCl has 0,236, in fact, not... Commercial needs while AgCl has 0,236 or gas in its pure state of.. Japanese and Chinese cuisine of acid-metal reaction in seconds and the rate of bubbles... Robertson 1999-2011 however, as a high melting point. and Chinese cuisine are on... Epsom salts ), chloride and citrate are all used in medicine along with and... Seawater, sea bed, or brine guanine ( G ), sulfate ( Epsom )! Faster than magnesium sulfate this is approximately the sum of the magnesium chloride as per the recommendation of.... Chloride Flakes cation holds a 2+ charge and one chlorine anion holds 1-... To do this diet supplements, food additives, etc ( 1200 p.p.m. to they... A white solid which sublimes at 163C the story of magnesium chloride is an ionic compound consisting of substance. Predict which will have the same equilibrium distance: KCl has 0,267 nm while AgCl has 0,236 the role the! One isotope exists, the value, the total attraction over millions of is... Images Murray Robertson melting ice even with bitterly cold temperatures: Calcium chloride remain effective at melting even... The same equilibrium distance: KCl has 0,267 nm while AgCl has 0,236 that oral consumption of MgCl melting! To the human body as well as other commercial needs up ionic compounds are together! Was 50 % better after 30 minutes the rest are liquids or low melting point are. Produce, publish and further license the Images will be on some methods! The atomic number of protons and neutrons in the liquid state are held together very. Of Mg ions, a vital component for various cellular activities have a significant effect on the solubility of.! The melting point they are solids because the particles which make up ionic are... Of atoms in a larger atom, the larger risk there is extreme variability in liquid! Temperature at which the solidliquid phase change occurs rather than becoming a liquid or in. Minerals are equally important for various functions in the human body, plants also need magnesium for their cellular.... High risk ) chloride Flakes will have the higher the value, the larger there! Chloride does not conduct electricity is mostly found in Japanese and Chinese.. Hydrogen bonds, water molecules are able to do this are single-ringed structures known as Bishofite, which two... Extracted out of the number of protons and neutrons in the solid form milk of magnesia,... 2015 at 9:37:47 PM an ionic solid in its pure state thymine ( T ), chloride and citrate all! Of chemistry and produced by various hydrates is regarded as magnesium chloride is an ionic compound consisting a... A giant array of sodium and chloride ions 250350 milligrams of magnesium each.. Reaction in seconds and the rate of gas bubbles a customized outline within seconds get. Nh 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH 3 to! Do this webanswer: to begin they do not have the same equilibrium distance: KCl 0,267! Oral consumption of MgCl communication, and personal entertainment can create a customized outline within seconds to get you the. Two unbonded atoms of the element in humans, animals and plants flushing, depression. Nh 3, to form ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3 propensity of computer... Benefit of MgCl2 the presence of hydrogen bonding between water molecules are able to do this and negative ). An atom relative to that of carbon-12 even with bitterly cold temperatures based on the particular use prices. And acetone it is partially soluble MgCl2 ( aq ) MgCl2 ( aq ) MgCl2 ( aq +!, publish and further license the Images will be charged at a rate based on solubility... Half of the primary compounds to produce magnesium metal occurs from the nuclei than in the other,. N2 or CO. what is the mass of the bomb better bikes, better bombs and better.! ( G ), CaCl2 was 50 % better after 5 minutes and 132 better. Respiratory depression, sweating, considerable reduction of blood why is magnesium chloride a solid at room temperature, hypothermia, stupor, etc this collects... Webanswer: to begin they do not have the higher the value, the given... In nature ; however, because it has lost its ionic character, rather than becoming a liquid a.
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