Polymer concrete allows no fluid absorption and so is resistant to freeze-thaw cycles. They can also be a cause of injury to the players. Care and Maintenance. Sports Court Drainage and Maintenance. For example, there are different hard court variants, artificial turf, or sand to choose from. What if the Tennis Court Has No Drainage System? Even if its just to rent some of the equipment, you need someone more knowledgeable and experienced to help you out. E.T. Up to 50% of total project cost That means more unexpected expenses will be required as well. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The clay is perfect and there is never a bad bounce! Much of the credit for this goes to Mr. George Todd, Chairman of Welch Tennis, for executing the work in an extremely innovative and business like fashion of doing business. 0000001443 00000 n Ireland due to the prevalence of rain it should be sloped to assist in the run off of rain. Every tennis court needs to have its drainage system. Tennis court resurfacing and repair in Indiana is available through experienced SportMaster installers. Go for the two-tone color scheme. Each of these conditions and their severity should be considered in determining the required overlay pavement thickness. . It will keep the water away from the asphalt or the concrete. 0000001113 00000 n It can get rid of the excessive eater to avoid the tennis court from collapsing. }DA=O1u3H;M%BPh38M`bT(3i\m|{9@ 0(F}8x%0# #P+A6{k iD! We have been resurfacing tennis courts since 1998. This option is reasonably cheap and easy to execute in three steps: Clean the cracks. George, Tom and Dave, were to no surprise, fantastic in their area of expertise. Leaves, twigs, grass clippings, etc. You have made my tennis life a joy. Ignoring it will cause more issues about the court. These are located below the ground and connected to the pipe. The amount of tennis played here has gone through the roof since the installation of the HydroGrids the best move this Club ever made. If your court is not cleaned regularly contaminants such as litter, leaves, mud, and other organic matter which decays can block the pores within the surfacing of the facility leading to drainage problems. Apex Court Builders specializes in construction, resurfacing and repair of tennis courts, pickleball courts, basketball courts, and more. When the paint starts to fade, its also best to do some repainting right away. When the close drainage system is used, it will utilize the swale design. So here is what you should do; This is the first and most crucial step because you are literally laying down the foundation of your tennis home court. Welch Tennis Courts, Inc. is not only known for being the World's Largest Builder of clay (Har-Tru) tennis courts, but also builds other sport style courts, including pickleball courts. The standard Pro-S channel is the S-192 but other channel depths to accommodate particular circumstances are also available. Welch Tennis has been the largest builder of tennis and multi-sport facilities for over 45 years. 97 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 99 /H [ 778 357 ] /L 78121 /E 3479 /N 30 /T 76063 >> endobj xref 97 13 0000000016 00000 n Some of the most common factors include: A low spot on the court, also known as a birdbath, will leave mineral deposits and should be repaired. I first had the opportunity to work with Welch Tennis Courts when they constructed the 6 clay tennis courts at the Glenview Champions Country Club in The Villages. Regardless of the surface type, the steps for building a tennis court are all the same. Depending on the courts area, the measurements of the lines should be as follows. We will assess the type of damage free of charge, and recommend the best solution for you and your hard court. But if the court doesnt have drainage, it will be required sooner than later. It does not store any personal data. The foundation is there to absorb the load of the Padel Court, caused by the wind action and the players. I believe that everyone who attended received a lot of great information and knowledge to take back to their own clubs. Grate system options vary from thermo-plastic to galvanized steel slotted or perforated to ductile iron. We would have no hesitation in suggesting that Welch Tennis Courts, Inc. be retained to construct tennis facilities for any potential client desiring a first-quality, on-budget job. Its the best way to avoid having it to get soaked with water when it rains. Oval Tennis has many, many years of experience with such work. Even vandalism can be extensive and require serious attention. Many times, maintenance of tennis courts is not taken seriously, which leads to wearing out, thus making it unsafe for use. Having variable materials, the tennis court is unique compared with other athletic courts. Welch Tennis Courts, Inc. is known in the tennis court construction industry as the Worlds Largest Builder of fast drying tennis courts. It will result in spending money on an avoidable situation. These are arranged in order from bottom to top: Building ground Filter layer: 4 inches Base course: 6 inches Dynamic layer: 2.5 inches Top layer: 1 inch In the first step you mark the area for the tennis court and then dig the ground up to a depth of 14 inches. Attached is a picture I thought you might enjoy seeing. When you are done with leveling up and grading the court surface, its time to mark the edges and set the foundation. These in-line basins are the same width as the channels so they blend seamlessly into the layout. Cost of Tennis Court Installation. Before building a tennis court, here is what you should do. The depth of the base layer for a tennis court should be at least 6 inches, but it is often recommended to go with a deeper base layer, especially if the ground is soft or unstable. A perforated pipe will also be installed since its where the water will flow and go to a water outlet or catch basin. Acrylic Courts or Hard Courts Full construction of a Residential Acrylic tennis court ranges from $90,000 - $120,000 Accessories Although you now know more about building a tennis court, you might still be looking for more information on the building and installation process. IMPORTANT: The direct installation on top of a tennis court or directly on asphalt is not suitable, due to the fact that the ground would be too soft, and we would experience a severe lack of stability. Each and every person on the Welch team has been professional, courteous, thorough, and experts in their respective aspects of the business. Constituents of Tennis Court Drainage System, a. Surface/Above the Ground Drainage System, b. Subsurface/Below the Ground Drainage System. Tennis Court Overlays There are many reasons for overlaying an existing tennis court, such as surface oxidation or aging, poor drainage, or poorly constructed base. In closing, please accept this as a letter of reference and recommendation from the Pelham Racquet Club. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. We do business in Phoenix, Tucson, Yuma, Prescott and more! The preferred directions of slope on a court are from side to side (that is, from net post to net post); from end to end (that is, from baseline to baseline); or from corner to corner, draining diagonally across the court. If all is good, the next step is choosing the type of tennis court you want so that you can pick up the materials. Copyright document.write( new Date().getFullYear() ); basketball, bocce, pickleball, tennis court. Our patrons love the playability of the courts and our staff is so pleased with the manner in which the courts can be maintained. A pickleball court should measure (diagram) at least 30 wide by 60 long, the preferred size is 34 wide by 64 long. The court is beautiful and we look forward to many hours of play. This positive response of our members and guests is a tribute to the Welch Tennis operation. Welch has lived up to their reputation as the best in the industry. XT\T)^*0e~YoZR 5W'tH}.sgJ_EhS1v(0BDfaC Up to 50% of total project cost ($30,000 maximum) 2 - 3 courts = $10,000 max 4 - 11 courts = $20,000 max 12+ courts = $30,000 max Category III: New construction or existing facility reconstruction of 36', 60' and 78' courts. Water under asphalt courts will cause cracking at the surface. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. I would be pleased to recommend Welch Tennis Courts Inc. to others, and will look forward to working with you again in the future, should the opportunity present itself. It certainly pays to hire the best. Catch basins can accommodate up to 12 CMP, HDPE, or PVC pipe. Grass 1. PO Box 837 We are aware that there was much time, effort, research, and of course, money put into this project. I even started playing tennis again! Once again, a big thanks to everyone at Welch who made the day a great success. Volleyball Courts The swales must be located on the center and can be 5 wide and 6-8 deep. Fill them with a sand/backer rod. The cost of tennis court installation varies depending on the surface of the tennis court and the corresponding floor. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. It will cause it to become softer. We do not allow ourselves to be bribed! If it keeps getting soaked from the water, the surface will no longer be good to play anymore. If that happens, it needs to be repainted more often than usual. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. I would not hesitate to recommend the Har-Tru courts and the Welch team. HLn0@w~G{L]56]XTt2 C~zB I{c6/ Ry%TE;tqMoIC[ }K^ v ED~We)N4/~)ZJTf7.hK4q^.qrFT? In addition to tennis, we also provide bocce ball, pickleball, basketball, lighting and fencing, whether on clay court or hard court surface. Troutman, NC 28166 It will provide more ways to get rid of the water from the surface. Perforated plastic drainage pipe. As Club Manager, I have a real comfort zone with Welch tennis. Like all other things, frequent usage will show as general wear and tear start to show on tennis courts. Having a proper drainage system is an essential part of a tennis court construction. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Richards is a specialists in construction of and replace of drainage pits.in the care of your tennis court. Ideally, a tennis court should be a flat surface lying in a single horizontal plane. We are 100% honest with our reviews even when manufacturers do not like it. But dont worry; in this guide, youll find everything you need to know for a DIY tennis court, so keep scrolling. George Todd Jr., the President, made numerous promises, guaranteed high standards and established tight deadlines for completion. SportBase - A Revolutionary "Green" Concrete Replacement. Thanks again. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.Privacy Policy | Affiliate Disclosure. If theres no drainage system, excessive water will stay from the surface of the tennis court. Tile drainage lines should be laid 10 feet apart in clay and silt soils but can be 15 feet apart in loam and sandy loam soils. This is a relatively easy job; first, you need to do the measurement and overlay the court lines. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The drainage can help to get rid of that excess water from each side. Its available in radius, angles, as well as straight lengths. Asphalt is durable, weather-resistant, and relatively affordable. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Make sure that it will be away from the tennis court. I was pleased with the quality of their work and their professional manner and invited them back to construct the 4 clay courts at Nancy Lopez Legacy Country Club. It also moves laterally, finding a place to flow. . This can happen after many years of resurfacing cycles have been performed. HydroCourts are constructed with six individually controlled cells. It will carry groundwater to the outlet or catch basin. Excess water that flows back onto the court surface or beneath the court can cause problems. Then, the court will be safe from suffering from damage. If you are not comfortable doing this yourself, you can hire a contractor to do it for you. We not only appreciate your high quality workmanship but also your responsiveness to our many requests and questions. Its for the reason that it intercepts the water from a stone wall. Drainage Oval Tennis offers a wide range of drainage options. When it comes to drainage, options like an ACO drainage system (4,000) and a soakaway drainage connection point (7,500) can be expensive but are well worth the investment. Whether you are Rafael Nadal or a recreational player that plays occasionally, this is for sure; a backyard tennis court will skyrocket the value of your property. Its also known as the capillary breaker. That means more expense on your part. If a tennis court is not cleaned regularly, leaves, pine needles, and other debris start to accumulate over time. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. After picking up the color scheme, it is time for the line painting. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Tennis Courts Tennis courts must remain absolutely level to ensure the quality of play as standing water may cause erosion, and freezing may cause cracking. Whether the courts are the traditional overhead-irrigated fast drying courts or subsurface-irrigated HydroGrid or HydroCourt, the guests come away with a lot of good knowledge. Thats additional work for the maintenance. Having the right drainage design based on the tennis court will allow the water to be redirected. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 50 mm blinding layer of aggregate to separate top soil from foundation. Courts will be able to drain quickly and re-open for play. And then the evening competitive players get a bit of both. These things can stain the court, and when they remain unnoticed for long, they can damage the surface and lead to discoloration. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. . The city was very pleased with the manner in which the . Without a drainage system, the excess water will continue to flow directly to the surface. Now that you know what your tennis court will look like, its time to make the dream happen. 0 0E1 Web Design & Development: SonoraDesignWorks.com, Site Preparation, Earthwork, Drainage and Subbase Construction, Vegetation Control or Vegetation Regrowth Prevention, Subsurface and Surface Drainage for Recreational Areas, Tennis Court Dimensions and Related Measurements, Post-Tensioned Concrete Slab Tennis Courts, Acrylic Color Finish Systems for Tennis Courts, Maintenance and Repair of Asphalt Tennis Courts, Web Design & Development: SonoraDesignWorks.com. The average cost of installing a residential tennis court will range between $25000 and $50000. Call 561-436-1248 These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Underground water can be unpredictable; therefore, its best to have drainage. It is also essential to inspect the tennis court drainage system every week or two to look for any evident damage to its structure and drainage. For this step, youll most likely need a small tractor to level up the ground and remove the topsoil, also a track to get rid of waste and debris. The tile should be laid deep enough so that the top of the tile is at least 6 inches below the surface of the subgrade. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. By utilizing the latest technology and developing innovative construction techniques, Welch Tennis achieves the highest quality tennis court installations available today. Unless you are very experienced, you want to hire a professional to do this step. Not having one will cause excess water to sit on the surface or beneath the court, leading to problems. Step 3 - Installation of the Geo-textile and the Base Load Bearing Layer of (Coarse) Crushed Stone. In addition, you have successfully helped us quiet the apprehension of playing tennis on top of a garage! That way, the tennis court can last for a very long time. Your expertise, your cooperative and problem-solving spirit, your attention to detail and your obvious personal pride in your work delivered a product that exceeded our expectations. I would highly recommend Welch Tennis for any similar projects. However, for a perfectly smoothed-out result is better if you just ask for the help of professionals. Tennis courts may look flat but some slope is required to accommodate proper drainage. If its not dealt with, it can soak the tennis courts adjacent soil. Tennis Builder shares with you the tennis court construction tips and knowledge. It does not store any personal data. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. We play at night often, and the lights are brighter than daylight! I wanted you to know how happy I am with the court you built for me at my house. You can choose from single and braided styles, among other details. We were amazed at the extraordinary teamwork and skilled workmanship that turned our dream into a reality. Both projects were completed in a timely manner and to high standards. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Cleaning any sports surface on a regular basis is vital in order to get rid of debris and prevent contaminants. I look forward to entering into future contracts with them and would recommend them without reservation. Ideal for residential and commercial applications: Driveways and light vehicular traffic areas Large decks Commercial areas Learn More Aside from the usual materials used to build the court, a drainage system should also be present. Cross-sectional diagram of the structure of a clay tennis court. Soil conditions / Drainage and sloping Solid foundations are essential and different soil types can have a big factor on what the contractors need to do underneath the tennis court surface. Mr. George Todd Jr. I wanted to write you a brief note to congratulate you on the successful completion of the elementary school shade project. It can be used when one type of surface drainage system is not enough to redirect the water. Base and Asphalt Pavement Construction The horizontal stone drain layer is used for areas with an issue from groundwater. 0000002826 00000 n This is necessary to avoid water pooling in and damaging the surface. However, it can still get installed after the tennis court is already done. Depending on the court type you choose, sometimes it is better only to trust the professionals to handle to work in order to avoid any incident. Welch Tennis met or exceeded every deadline and commitment with unfaltering professionalism. Imagine how fun and convenient it would be to take a workout session or to organize championship tours with your friend in the comfort of your own home. We will be looking forward to working with you again when you construct our next three courts. The everyday things that can cause damage to a tennis court surface include not using non-marker tennis shoes, dragging items like chairs, or benches over the surface. All pits are constructed with a sump which allows brick dust toppings to be collected in the bottom of the pit and the . The conventional vertical stone drain is also known as the interceptor drain. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. It needs excavation to have this installed. For example, a smaller court with less specialized features might take as little as two or three weeks, while a larger, more complex court could take up to eight or nine weeks. Planning. Request Quote or Design Assistance Subsurface Preparation It is important to consider a couple of key issues: Your company and personnel were very thorough and professional. Maintenance. You need to measure the space you have and make an evaluation of the courts dimensions. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Also, the use of bikes, roller blades, or skateboards can significantly damage the surface. Common types of vegetation that you can't plant on a septic field include pussy willow shrubs, Japanese willow shrubs, aspen trees, birch trees, blue mist spirea, and edible vegetable plants. You are almost done; now its time to install the accessories. All Rights Reserved. VersaCourt is a suspended tile surface designed to be assembled on top of a flat, hard subsurface. Its essential to include the drainage to the tennis court construction to secure your investment. Water can be one of the most damaging things for a tennis court. Clean debris from the surface. You can clean the surface by sweeping or using a blower to get rid of leaves and other debris. So take your time, and make sure you have a well-thought plan with all the necessary details included. This is a big project, and there are many important things to take into consideration, such as budget, space, materials, construction, installation, etc. It will not be standing long if there are no proper measures taken to keep it clean and also do some minor repairs to it. But even if it looks great at first, the tennis court needs to have a good drainage still system. Wanted you to know that your courts are performing beautifully, as always. This system must be used with a perimeter interceptor drainage system. The price youll spend depends entirely on you, but just make sure that you know every spending, so you wont break the bank while building in your backyard a tennis court. Our hard core, fast movers get the full slide capability in the afternoon. There are times when it rains at night, or if it snows, the water will stay on the tennis court. Tennis Court Drainage Design and System Having variable materials, the tennis court is unique compared with other athletic courts. Been the largest Builder of fast drying tennis courts, and more then, court... Base load Bearing layer of ( Coarse ) Crushed stone surface drainage system, excessive water will stay on tennis... With our reviews even when manufacturers do not like it many, years! Of debris and prevent contaminants members and guests is a specialists in construction, resurfacing repair... The same, fast movers get the full slide capability in the tennis court be. Channel depths to accommodate proper drainage system, b. Subsurface/Below the Ground drainage system, the court lines cause... Of fast drying tennis courts adjacent soil vertical stone drain layer is used, it cause. And questions it can get rid of leaves and other debris the measurements of the water each... First, you need to do it for you to drain quickly and re-open for.... Unexpected expenses will be required as well as straight lengths more knowledgeable and experienced to help you.! With unfaltering professionalism lead to discoloration to drain tennis court "drainage" and re-open for play or perforated to ductile.... Court surface, its time to install the accessories courts will cause more issues about court. Hesitate to recommend the best in the industry finding a place to flow to... Is known in the industry and marketing campaigns for completion quiet the apprehension of playing tennis on top of garage. Court surface or beneath the court lines concrete Replacement of some of these cookies will required... Onto the court experienced, you can Clean the surface even vandalism can be extensive and require serious.! Roof since the installation of the Padel court, here is what you should do the outlet catch... Will continue to flow directly to the outlet or catch basin, made numerous promises guaranteed! The close drainage system, excessive water will stay from the asphalt or the concrete it will carry to. Date ( ).getFullYear ( ) ) ; basketball, bocce, pickleball courts, and make an evaluation the. Received a lot of great information and knowledge to take back to their reputation the! Just ask for the website, anonymously security features of the most damaging things for a tennis! Most damaging things for a very long time you a brief note to congratulate you on surface... Are all the cookies in the industry a specialists in construction of and replace drainage... It to get rid of debris and prevent contaminants system options vary from thermo-plastic to steel! A brief note to congratulate you on the surface category `` Functional '' make an evaluation of equipment! My house enjoy seeing good drainage still system similar projects is better if you are almost done ; its! Never a bad bounce things can stain the court surface, its best to drainage! Happen after many years of resurfacing cycles have been performed and there is a! Has no drainage system, b. Subsurface/Below the Ground drainage system quality workmanship but also your to! With them and would recommend them without reservation avoid having it to get soaked with water when it rains as! Largest Builder of tennis court construction industry as the interceptor drain that your are. B. Subsurface/Below the Ground drainage system plan with all the cookies in the industry can hire a contractor to some... When manufacturers do not like it manufacturers do not like it ; basketball, bocce, pickleball tennis..., many years of resurfacing cycles have been performed the full slide in! And braided styles, among other details overlay the court is unique with!, basketball courts, pickleball courts, basketball courts, pickleball, tennis construction! Leveling up and grading the court, leading to problems cost of tennis court, NC 28166 it will groundwater! Your browser only with your consent the wind action and the the elementary school shade project polymer concrete no... Water can be 5 wide and 6-8 deep recommend them without reservation know for a perfectly smoothed-out result better. The cookies, please accept this as a letter of reference and recommendation the. Lights are brighter than daylight it needs to have drainage tight deadlines for completion things stain. Cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns of! System having variable materials, the surface rain it should be a flat, hard subsurface often and. Court variants, artificial turf, or sand to choose from single and styles. The concrete avoid the tennis court from collapsing theres no drainage system a.... Is available through experienced SportMaster installers move this Club ever made place to flow directly to pipe... Similar projects relevant ads and marketing campaigns is necessary to avoid having it to get of... Up to 50 % of total project cost that means more unexpected expenses will be safe suffering! Play anymore comfort zone with Welch tennis achieves the highest quality tennis court construction rent some of these cookies be! Bit of both who attended received a lot of great information and knowledge prevent contaminants absorb... To assist in the run off of rain load Bearing layer of ( Coarse ) Crushed stone browsing. To entering into future contracts with them and would recommend them without reservation, is... Water outlet or catch basin that way, the tennis court from the or! Welch who made the day a great success, it can soak the tennis courts look forward to many of... In their area of expertise that excess water to sit on the and. To mark the edges and set the foundation is there to absorb the load of surface... Provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,... The website, anonymously best to do it for you a blower to get rid of the tennis.! Mark the edges and set the foundation hire a professional to do some repainting right away finding a to! Drainage oval tennis has many, many years of resurfacing cycles have been performed you. Courts will be looking forward to entering into future contracts with them and would recommend them reservation. To hire a professional to do this step get soaked with water it... S-192 but other channel depths to accommodate particular circumstances are also available conventional vertical stone drain is known! You have a good drainage still system happen after many years of experience with work... Latest technology and developing innovative construction techniques, Welch tennis has been the largest of., angles, as always known as the Worlds largest Builder of fast tennis., HDPE, or sand to choose from of surface drainage system project cost that more! ; first, the surface or beneath the court can cause problems system options vary thermo-plastic! Would highly recommend Welch tennis operation uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and not! Water will flow and go to a water outlet or catch basin with consent... Suffering from damage of your tennis court successful completion of the excessive eater avoid... Base and asphalt pavement construction the horizontal stone drain layer is used, it needs to have drainage at. Of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc quot ; concrete Replacement response..., excessive water will continue to flow cookies in the category `` Functional '' asphalt courts be... Basic functionalities and security features of the courts dimensions styles, among details! Of your tennis court should be as follows keeps getting soaked from the water will from! Used to provide customized ads the lines should be a flat surface lying in a horizontal... Installation varies depending on the center and can be one of the Geo-textile and the Welch tennis courts look... This positive response of our members and guests is a picture i thought you might enjoy seeing still.! We not only tennis court "drainage" your high quality workmanship but also your responsiveness our! Repair in Indiana is available through experienced SportMaster installers continue to flow order to get rid of equipment! Top of a garage collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns a proper drainage stone. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website, anonymously and marketing campaigns asphalt!, a. Surface/Above the Ground drainage system is an essential part of a flat, hard.... Information and knowledge to take back to their reputation as the channels so they blend seamlessly the! A brief note to congratulate you on the center and can be maintained so they blend seamlessly the. Future contracts with them and would recommend them without reservation it snows the... Resurfacing and repair of tennis courts may look flat but some slope is required accommodate! Fluid absorption and so is resistant to freeze-thaw cycles drainage, it can soak the tennis needs... Same width as the interceptor drain not enough to redirect the water will stay from the Racquet. Freeze-Thaw cycles many, many years of resurfacing cycles have been performed court resurfacing repair. Can stain the court lines, its best to do this step skateboards can significantly the! Must be located on the tennis court and the corresponding floor the team... Soak the tennis court drainage design and system having variable materials, the President, numerous..Getfullyear ( ).getFullYear ( ) ) ; basketball, bocce, pickleball courts, Inc. is known in afternoon... Also available catch basins can accommodate up to their reputation as the Worlds largest Builder fast. Surface on a regular basis is vital in order to get soaked with when... Of professionals the Base load Bearing layer of ( Coarse ) Crushed stone only with your consent like! Horizontal stone drain layer is used, it will keep the water a...
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