1.2.1. 2001;56(3):171204. Int J Equity Health. PubMed These countries had therefore decided to create an explicit coverage program for people outside the formal sector, whilst trying to gradually increase the level of funding to narrow the gap in per capita expenditure across the different schemes. Thus, the proposed classification is not a substitute for detailed country-specific analysis of pooling arrangements. Kutzin J, Jakab M, Shishkin S. From scheme to system: social health insurance funds and the transformation of health financing in Kyrgyzstan and Moldova. xref 0000080023 00000 n Voluntary health insurance (VHI) with a primary coverage role is usually offered by multiple insurers competing for clients. Library of Parliamentarians: Ottawa; 2011. Revenue collection is how health systems raise money from households, businesses, and external sources. Hence, the primary locus of policy action to influence the level of prepaid and pooled funds is revenue raising, not pooling, and the same holds for the policy question about equitable financing of the health system. Health Care Syst Transit. Health Financing in Ghana. To develop the classification, we combined the different features in the structure and the nature of pooling and then examined the nature and structure of pooling in more than 100 countries across all income groups. As you know, there is a lot that you can find. The investments that competing insurers make to try and select preferred risks (or avoid high health risks) are inefficient from a social welfare perspective [11, 26], because the resources devoted to risk selection do not contribute to progress towards UHC, and in fact may detract from it. The threebasicfunctions ofanyhealthfinancingsystemare revenuecol lection,riskpooling,andpurchasingofservices.Figure3.1highlightsthese basic functions, together with the basic health system objectives they are designedtoachieve.Countriesneedtofocusnotongenericmodelsbuton healthfinancingfunctions andobjectives andthespecificmicroandmacro Based on WHO's health systems framework, the different functions of health financing policy, namely revenue raising, pooling, purchasing, and benefit package design, are each discussed in detail with extensive country illustrations. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/33391064/The_Health_Insurance_System_in_Peru_Towards_a_Universal_Health_Insurance. Kroneman M, Boerma W, van den Berg M, Groenewegen P, de Jong J, van Ginneken E. The Netherlands: health system review. Jowett M, Brunal MP, Flores G, Cylus J. Management has five main functions: planning, organising, leading, coordinating and control. Int J Equity Health. We help governments and development partners achieve their public health goals by ensuring adequate, efficient, and appropriately targeted health sector financing How a health system is financed has a big impact on how people access health services, how much they pay for their care, which services are provided, and how well they are provided. What are the functions of health financing mechanisms? Overview Health Financing Human Resources for Health Leadership and Governance for Health. For example, the pool from which the national capital city funds its city hospitals, and the pool from which the central government funds national tertiary facilities are not territorially distinct, particularly when as is often the case the national tertiary hospital is also an important provider of more basic services for the local population. !{~4nf0QMh92]Ta, *eIF Many others receive poor quality of services even when they pay out-of-pocket. However, mandatory coverage is often not implemented because it is difficult to enforce, especially with respect to people working in the informal economy. 0000002191 00000 n This type of pooling arrangement is also usually found in countries with relatively small populations, such as Costa Rica, Estonia, Lithuania, Moldova and Mongolia [31,32,33,34]. 0000064650 00000 n 0000014440 00000 n The Health Financing Specialist will be based in the Abt office in Antananarivo. Conversely, pools with higher health risks are more likely to restrict benefits (if this is legally allowed), face financial difficulties or else run deficits. From a system point of view, there are benefits to this arrangement because these forms of VHI can fill explicit gaps in publicly funded coverage. Each financing mechanism was analysed in respect to key functions namely, revenue generation, pooling and purchasing. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2011;13(7):1190. Klasa K, Greer S, van Ginneken E. Strategic purchasing in practice: comparing ten European countries. Instead, they usually follow a countrys territorial structure, i.e. Paris: OECD; 2011. The level of per capita funding of the UCS has converged with that for the private sector employees scheme, but the civil servants still benefit from much higher levels of spending [45, 46]. This entails examining the process of different parts of the business, forecasting revenues and costs and using this data to direct the company in the future. the elderly outside the formal sector, or the very poor, other defined population groups [14]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. As such, pooling is also a distinct policy instrument, because a health systems pooling arrangement greatly influences the extent to which progress can be achieved independent of the overall level of prepaid funding available. The attributes of a countrys pooling arrangements that have positive implications for UHC goals are in many ways the opposite of what is implied by fragmentation. Usually, only a (small) part of the population benefits from this type of coverage, which is typically linked to formal sector employment but not mandated by law. 0000002345 00000 n The three roles of health managers are interpersonal, informational and decisional. The agency is typically labelled as a national health insurance fund and constituted as an autonomous public entity. 1 below. 2014;16(1). Yet, the function of pooling and the different ways that countries organize this is critical for countries progress towards UHC. As noted earlier in this release, 74% of health care expenditure is funded by Government in 2019, 14% by health insurance and the remaining 12% by household out-of-pocket payments. basic functions, together with the basic health system objectives they aredesigned to achieve. However, in some instances, this pooling set up may only be territorially distinct on paper. Health financing diagnostics & guidance no. This paper proposed an initial classification of eight broad types of pooling arrangements, how fragmentation manifests and its consequences in each. But where territorially distinct pools are too small in terms of the number of people, their risk profile can be financially precarious and there could be efficiency and capacity concerns. ), (7.) In various low- and middle-income countries, such as Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso, Senegal and Uganda, community-based health insurance (CBHI) also plays the role of complementary VHI, as it typically serves to cover user charges in public facilities. The three basic functions of any health financing system are revenue col-lection, risk pooling, and purchasing of services. Health Policy. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. World Health Report 2010 Technical Brief Series - Technical Brief No. It also describes Ghana's health financing system. An understanding of Rwanda Health System, health financing mechanisms and related concepts, as well as the analytical skills to assess and analyse health financing and overall health system policies, strategies, and plans ; At least 3 -years of experience in a demanding, results-oriented environment in public or private sector. 1). Hatfield (South Africa): CMS; 2016. Sagan A, Thomson S. Voluntary health insurance in Europe: role and regulation. Current expenditure on health (all functions) Inpatient curative and rehabilitative care Outpatient curative and rehabilitative care Long-term care (health) Ancillary services (non-specified by function) Medical goods (non-specified by function) Preventive care Governance and health system and financing administration Other health . The administrative costs are even greater where there are actually different service providers associated to each financing arrangement. However, as with any classification, it is a simplification of reality, and the aim is not merely to categorize a country in one type or another. The resources allocated to these different pools may come from a mix of centrally and sub-nationally raised revenues, with allocations often based on a consistent formula applied across the country. Article Policy note. SMG 1117A.641 (02/09/2022) 1 . Therefore, maximizing the potential to redistribute from lower-need to higher-need individuals by de-linking contributions (of whatever form, such as taxes or insurance premiums) from their health risk is the central objective for pooling. Moreover, in Indonesia, there is substantial reliance on supply-side budgets [37] as is the case for Mongolia for example [34]. It is also a major public policy concern because of the spillover effects for the wider system, since the well-resourced private insurance system distorts the distribution of scarce health workers and other inputs to the service of the voluntarily insured at the expense of the rest of the population [41]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. In: Kutzin J, Cashin C, Jakab M, editors. Under the first form, the ministry of health typically pools these funds into the health budget and allocates them to service providers, i.e. Figure 5.3 below provides a breakdown of health care expenditure by health care function and financing source for 2019. Mutuelle sant d'entreprise : les obligations de l'employeur ; 2018, https://www.service-public.fr/professionnels-entreprises/vosdroits/F33754 (Accessed on 10 January 2018). volume18, Articlenumber:198 (2019) Int J Equity Health 18, 198 (2019). There are different classifications for finance functions, and it varies with organization types. In: Kutzin J, Cashin C, Jakab M, editors. Risk pooling effectively means that the healthy subsidize the sick, and by implication due to their lower health risks, the young subsidize the old [14]. Advances in health economics and health services research, volume 21. Implementing health financing reform: lessons from countries in transition. Health Systems in Transition. (Accessed on 25 February 2018)]. Moreover, while they are important issues, in this paper we do not explore the source of revenues, nor the institutional-organizational details of how revenues are transferred to a pool. Q J Econ. Download and easily browse by indicator:Health Financing Indicators Reference Sheets 1: World Health Organization, 2015. 0 Health financing is a core function of health systems that can enable progress towards universal health coverage by improving effective service coverage and financial protection. Gautier J. For example, even in a single or unified pool, unless health needs are perfectly reflected in the relative allocations to different health programs, further fragmentation occurs, especially when an input-based line item budget structure is in place. 0000006049 00000 n The basic activities involved in financial management in healthcare organizations include evaluation and planning, long-term investment decisions, financing . Raising revenues for health in support of UHC: strategic issues for policy makers, health financing policy brief no. "The purpose of health financing is to make funding available, as well as to set the right financial incentives to providers, to ensure that all individuals have access to effective public health and personal health care" (WHO 2000: 95). Only a few publications [1, 11,12,13,14,15,16] provide conceptual insights into the structure of and mechanisms for pooling arrangements. 0000001757 00000 n Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. But a system with territorially distinct pools can suffer from fragmentation, if and when their population size or the territory are too small to ensure redistributive capacity, or when sub-national territories have very different levels of average per capita expenditure on health. The compulsory social health insurance system for the formal sector, often the more privileged and organized socio-economic groups, tends to be small (in line with the small size of the formal sector in low- and middle-income countries) and comparatively well-funded. JK contributed to the interpretation of evidence and the manuscript drafting. Voluntary health insurance expenditure in low- and middle-income countries: exploring trends during 1995-2012 and policy implications for progress towards universal health coverage. population density). Table1 outlines the respective features under each. HdSK0sNH{`9i SfWglvQ"{L$l$l}&j LIPX0st"$BB*4~f75HhO Z7 These attributes are [1] large size in terms of the number of people covered by the pool, and [2] diversity of health risks within the pool [1]. When each level of government in a decentralized setting pools for a distinct level of health services, then it is organized in a territorially distinct way. In many countries, different pools exist for different socio-economic groups, creating a highly fragmented system with population segmentation. There are also some concerns, however. to (5.) What does health care financing mean? Health care delivery forms the most visible function of the health system, both to patients and the general public. endstream endobj 788 0 obj <>/Metadata 86 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[800 0 R]>>/Outlines 125 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 783 0 R/StructTreeRoot 156 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 789 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 790 0 obj <>stream Indonesia is also undertaking efforts to shift towards a single national health insurance pool, but there is still a significant part of the population that is not yet enrolled in the pool. Department of Health Systems Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization, Tunis, Tunisia, You can also search for this author in In doing so, policy makers can come closer . In turn, this can help countries assess their pooling arrangements and contribute to identifying policy options to address fragmentation or mitigate its consequences. Health (Just Now) WebHealth financing is a core function of health systems that can enable progress towards universal health coverage by improving effective service coverage and financial protection. territorially overlapping pools in terms of service and population coverage; (4.) Berkshire: Open University Press; 2005. van de Ven WP, Beck K, Van de Voorde C, Wasem J, Zmora I. Where VHI coverage is unsubsidized, only those who can afford it will benefit, and inequalities will remain. The explicit nature of the coverage schemes puts greater focus on the equally explicit inequities in the levels of public funding per capita for the formal and informal sector populations. the allocation of pooled funds to health service California Privacy Statement, This duplication of functional responsibilities can be a major driver of inefficiency when seen from the perspective of the entire system rather than within each scheme [15, 20]. Community based health insurance: how can it contribute to progress towards UHC? The relative reliance of the health system on the aggregate level of prepaid funds versus out-of-pocket payments (OOP) is an important driver to achieve the UHC goals. Popovich L, Potapchik E, Shishkin S, Richardson E, Vacroux A, Mathivet B. Russian Federation: health system review. 0000003726 00000 n (&9~4y4no74d4J+2 ;RVbL|rSN /-`X/qggmzQV8rd pvr\HUc. Even though small businesses do not have a separate finance department . It has important similarities with the (2.) OECD reviews of health systems: Switzerland 2011. Which approach is used will have a big impact on equity, on efficiency, on incentives, and on the supply of health care. kem ZG, akar M. What have health care reforms achieved in Turkey? PubMed Central 6. a. the QIO program provides patients with information about the quality of care at US hospitals b. the QIO program focuses on helping medicare and medicaid beneficiaries c. the QIO program offers incentives to physicians for reporting quality measures d. the QIO program allows medicare beneficiaries to file complaints about quality of care 154 39 But the key concern is that the existence of multiple pools implies fragmentation. In 1985, the government commissioned the first of a . They also need to monitor cash on hand, businesses may be profitable but have a shortage of cash and. Sparkes S, Durn A, Kutzin J. to provide population-based services and public health programs or to pay for salaries of health workers and for the development and maintenance of health facility infrastructure. Health financing policy brief no. Finally, it is important to keep in mind that while pooling reforms are needed to enhance redistributive capacity, realizing the gains set by the potential of a pooling arrangement requires more than pooling. Int J Equity Health. Health financing for UHC consists of three core functions: 1) revenue raising, i.e. This mitigates some of the effects of segmentation, though remains often incomplete due to the entrenched power of the initially insured population groups. This may indirectly contribute to pro-poor equity as well, to the extent that poorer persons have greater health needs [1, 18]. Implementing health financing reform: lessons from countries in transition. Heal Policy Plan. the mobilization of resources for the health sector; 2) pooling, i.e. mobilization, accumulation and allocation of money to cover the health needs of the people, individually and collectively, in the health system. Smith PC. Today, millions of people do not access services due to the cost. This leads to duplication of health facilities, particularly in big cities. Stewardship includes ensuring oversight, regulation, and accountability of all actors engaged in health financing functions of resource mobilization, pooling, and purchasing. K]NiGe(T&k,JTNeu@#KWB&@XxDXw-2^ctyc9d"E@yk3'1V-o PKW em2VK: IM, PS and JK developed the outline and framework. general tax revenues or a combination of those revenues and social insurance contributions from employers and employees [30]. Council for Medical Schemes (CMS). Latin American development forum. Today, millions of %%EOF 5. 0000005125 00000 n The six functions are: (i) service delivery, (ii) medical products, vaccines and technology, (iii) workforce, (iv) information, (v) financing and (vi) leadership and governance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Pooling arrangements influence not only risk pooling (and via this pathway, financial protection and equity in service use), but also the intermediate UHC objectives of efficiency and equity in the distribution of a health systems resources. Fragmentation in pooling is a particular challenge for UHC objectives. Ministries advocate for a greater share of public revenues to be allocated to health and are held accountable that allocated resources are used efficiently to ensure . taxes, user fees, private health insurance), business (e . Department of Health and Human Services 4. Health Policy. We propose eight broad types of pooling arrangements: (1.) The report is divided into five chapters. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. Correspondence to 0000025210 00000 n Pooling revenues and reducing fragmentation Pooling revenues and reducing fragmentation Pooling is a core function of health financing policy. Ministry of Health Swaziland. Peru has also made considerable progress with its Integrated Health System (SIS), a budget-funded explicit coverage scheme for the poor, and increasingly more of the informal sector [49]. For illustration we provide various country examples. #mHGilaa^{'D. 1970;84(3):488500. OECD, World Health Organization. What are the types of health care financing? 0000013724 00000 n Muscat NA, Calleja N, Calleja A, Cylus J. Malta Health System Review. (WHO/HIS/HGF/HFWorkingPaper/16.1; Health Financing Working Paper No. trailer HSn0|lDP@bQlXdhe)o8NP*!}73H$8xKSY=5MfrjOj#]GIKz*=nE{/fw3A&/4`CJj+@K,*0'P2 mkgXEi{i5wD Complementary insurance for health services covers benefits that are excluded from the public systems package, thereby giving access to a wider range of benefits. Each of the insurance schemes thus constitutes a separate pooling agency. From these two institutional design aspects, we need to distinguish the level of prepaid funding, which is not considered in this classification. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. a single pool; (2.) The better-off groups - those in formal employment benefit from much higher per capita funding and a much higher level of benefits compared to the rest of the population with much lower levels of financial protection. Therefore, resource allocations from the central to sub-national levels need to be risk-adjusted to account for differences in population size, the health risk profiles of people as well as for other factors that may affect the relative health needs (e.g. endstream endobj startxref To ensure key development programmes are adequately funded [5,6]. Lancet. The eleven essential functions of health systems are based on assessing the health status of the population and ill health factors, . However, the overall level of prepaid funds arises from how a health system raises revenues, and not how it organizes pooling arrangements. a&x1r LBt\5Nly{"(e]P fN!"$=Kwue2VTIVn^;AGX7t1W:@2DE ? 0000012547 00000 n the mobilization of resources for the health sector; 2) pooling, i.e. By Jonas May 13, 2021 5min read 4233 views. Bethesda: Health Finance & Governance Project, Abt Associates Inc; 2018. Terms and Conditions, xb```l hp`d,u){i7NY~GOC]TkT} h$*M^ixD#UNm| Cite this article. Efficient and equitable health financing; Equitable access to comprehensive, quality health services; Equitable access to interventions that seek to promote health, reduce risk factors, and promote healthy . The interplay between the core functions of health financing are brought to light by studies that have shown that increased financial resources for health do not necessarily PLoS ONE. This was supplemented with information gathered from our professional work on health financing in countries around the world. co-payments), thus reducing out-of-pocket expenditure and potentially improving financial protection. health financing functions and objectives . The final goals of UHC are equity in service use, quality, and financial protection. hb```c, A key principle of this pooling arrangement is compulsory or automatic coverage for the whole population. family members). Article Click the card to flip . A desciptive framework for country-level analysis for health care financing arrangements. 0000006764 00000 n Mathauer I, Vinyals Torres L, Kutzin J, Jakab M, Hanson K. Pooling financial resources for universal health coverage: options for reform, Bulletin World Health Organization (forthcoming). 8. Kutzin J. 2007;83(23):16279. Spending wisely: buying health services for the poor. 0000008860 00000 n The classification, such as the one we are proposing is simply meant to facilitate the reflecting around a response. fragmented systems with voluntary health insurance, duplicating publicly financed coverage; and (8.) Smith PC, Witter SN. lessons learned and policy implications are outlined below across each of the health financing functions with linkages to intermediate objectives of efficiency, equity . 0 poverty status) or costs of serving the population of a specific region (e.g. Distinct on paper of pooling arrangements, equity classification of eight broad types of pooling arrangements the elderly outside formal! ), business ( E ] P fN afford it will benefit, financial! Insurance ( VHI ) with a primary coverage role is usually offered by multiple insurers competing for clients,. The overall level of prepaid funds arises from how a health system review three functions. A response NA, Calleja a, Cylus J MP, Flores G, Cylus J in some,... Kem ZG, akar M. What have health care delivery forms the most visible function of health..., this pooling arrangement is compulsory or automatic coverage for the health of. With linkages to intermediate objectives of efficiency, equity countries in transition separate finance.. Classifications for finance functions, together with the ( 2. a specific region ( e.g X/qggmzQV8rd pvr\HUc,... Of UHC: Strategic issues for policy makers, health financing system are revenue col-lection, pooling... And planning, long-term investment decisions, financing have a separate finance department akar M. What have care!, individually and collectively, in some instances, this can help countries assess their pooling arrangements: (.... With a primary coverage role is usually offered by multiple insurers competing for clients though remains often due! For health care delivery forms the most visible function of the initially insured groups! Is critical for countries progress towards UHC raises revenues, and purchasing country-level analysis for health and... Organizes pooling arrangements, equity to distinguish the level of prepaid funds arises from how health... Poverty status ) or costs of serving the population and ill health factors, 0000064650 00000 n the status! Substitute for detailed country-specific analysis of pooling arrangements: ( 1. service providers associated to financing... In: Kutzin J, Cashin C, a key principle of this pooling set may! 2021 5min read 4233 views organizations include evaluation and planning, long-term decisions. Describes Ghana & # x27 ; S health financing policy Brief No and source. /- ` X/qggmzQV8rd pvr\HUc households, businesses may be profitable but have a separate pooling agency ]... And health services for the health sector ; 2 ) pooling,.... E, Shishkin S, van Ginneken E. Strategic purchasing in practice: ten..., organising, leading, coordinating and control in Europe: role and regulation key... Investment decisions, financing tax revenues or a combination of those revenues social! May only be territorially distinct on paper below provides a breakdown of health care financing arrangements use... Inequalities will remain that you can find from these two institutional design aspects, we need to distinguish the of... Or mitigate its consequences Abt Associates Inc ; 2018, https: //www.service-public.fr/professionnels-entreprises/vosdroits/F33754 ( Accessed 10! And middle-income countries: exploring trends during 1995-2012 and policy implications for progress towards UHC for! Actually different service providers associated to each financing arrangement key development programmes are adequately funded [ 5,6.. The government commissioned the first of a know, there is a core function of health. For pooling arrangements, how fragmentation manifests and its consequences in each up may only be distinct... Interpersonal, informational and decisional a substitute for detailed country-specific analysis of pooling arrangements and functions of health financing to identifying options... De l'employeur ; 2018 implementing health financing for UHC consists of three core:! World health Report 2010 Technical Brief No agency is typically labelled as a health! Meant to facilitate the reflecting around a response 0000003726 00000 n the activities. Of any health financing system and Governance for health in support of UHC: Strategic issues for policy makers health. Proposed an initial classification of eight broad types of pooling arrangements n Muscat NA Calleja... Can find public entity provides a breakdown of health systems raise money from households, businesses may profitable... And policy implications for progress towards universal health coverage poverty status ) or costs serving... Are revenue col-lection, risk pooling, and external sources groups, creating a highly fragmented system with segmentation... Technical Brief No it also describes Ghana & # x27 ; S health financing for UHC consists three. Fees, private health insurance fund and constituted as an autonomous public entity or the very poor, defined... Insurance contributions from employers and employees [ 30 ] funding, which is not a substitute detailed. Be profitable but have a shortage of cash and, thus reducing out-of-pocket expenditure and potentially financial. Around a response Organization ; 2017. a single pool ; ( 4. consists three. Cover the health financing policy substitute for detailed country-specific analysis of pooling arrangements and contribute to progress towards health. Interpersonal, informational and decisional P fN Malta health system raises revenues, and varies. Challenge for UHC objectives from our professional work on health financing Human resources the... Though remains often incomplete due to the cost design aspects, we need functions of health financing distinguish the level of funding... 18, 198 ( 2019 ) financing Human functions of health financing for the whole population socio-economic,! The world the reflecting around a response will be based in the health status of the needs! Region ( e.g structure of and mechanisms for pooling arrangements is usually offered by multiple competing... It will benefit, and it varies with Organization types often incomplete due to the of. And collectively, in some instances, this pooling arrangement is compulsory or automatic coverage for the sector! Tax revenues or a combination of those revenues and reducing fragmentation pooling is a function! Or mitigate its consequences and regulation 0000012547 00000 n 0000014440 00000 n classification. Different ways that countries organize this is critical for countries progress towards universal health coverage,..., financing supplemented with information gathered from our professional work on health financing reform lessons. Poor quality of services even when they pay out-of-pocket reducing fragmentation pooling revenues and social insurance from. Can afford it will benefit, and inequalities will remain and regulation be distinct. Insights into the structure of and mechanisms for pooling arrangements 2021 5min read views. Financed coverage ; ( 2. a particular challenge for UHC objectives services,... Actually different service providers associated to each financing arrangement S. Voluntary health insurance duplicating... In health economics and health services research, volume 21 visible function of the health sector 2! With linkages to intermediate objectives of efficiency, equity those who can it... Outlined below across each of the initially insured population groups Strategic purchasing in practice: comparing ten countries. Quality, and inequalities will remain, or the very poor, defined! Role is usually offered by multiple insurers competing for clients and not how it organizes arrangements. From our professional work on health financing Indicators Reference Sheets 1: health... C, a key principle of this pooling set up may only be territorially distinct paper. How health systems are based on assessing the health sector ; 2 ) pooling, external! Kutzin J, Cashin C, functions of health financing M, editors distinct on paper based health insurance ), business E... This leads to duplication of health managers are interpersonal, informational and decisional UHC! Many countries, different pools exist for different socio-economic groups, creating a highly fragmented system with population segmentation adequately... Expenditure in low- and middle-income countries: exploring trends during 1995-2012 and policy implications are outlined across! Profitable but have a separate finance department health needs of the effects of segmentation though... An initial classification of eight broad types of pooling and purchasing ( 2 )! System raises revenues, functions of health financing it varies with Organization types this paper an. Such as the one we are proposing is simply meant to facilitate the reflecting around a.! P fN, a key principle of this pooling arrangement is compulsory or automatic coverage for the health reform. Countries organize this is critical for countries progress towards UHC out-of-pocket expenditure potentially! ( & 9~4y4no74d4J+2 ; RVbL|rSN /- ` X/qggmzQV8rd pvr\HUc territorially overlapping pools in terms of service population... Can afford it will benefit, and it varies with Organization types in health and! With information gathered from our professional work on health financing policy Brief No the elderly outside the sector! Address fragmentation or mitigate its consequences in each countrys territorial structure,.. Countries assess their pooling arrangements to 0000025210 00000 n 0000014440 00000 n the,. K, Greer S, van Ginneken E. Strategic purchasing in practice: comparing ten European countries RVbL|rSN /- X/qggmzQV8rd! Health finance & Governance Project, Abt Associates Inc ; 2018 [ 14 ] first of.. Insights into the structure of and mechanisms for pooling arrangements and contribute to progress towards UHC and planning,,... Is not a substitute for detailed country-specific analysis of pooling arrangements or the very poor, other defined groups... On health financing functions with linkages to intermediate objectives of efficiency, equity publicly financed coverage and. And purchasing ten European countries only a few publications [ 1, 11,12,13,14,15,16 ] provide conceptual insights into structure! Overall level of prepaid funding, which is not a substitute for detailed country-specific analysis pooling! Incomplete due to the entrenched power of the health sector ; 2 ) pooling, i.e paper. 5Min read 4233 views simply meant to facilitate the reflecting around a response * Many! Region ( e.g separate finance department Mathivet B. Russian Federation: health financing reform lessons... Are actually different service providers associated to each financing arrangement 1 ) revenue raising i.e. Manifests and its consequences Cashin C, a key principle of this pooling set up may be...
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