While its true that you will have to invest labor hours to write it, a poorly trained employee will probably cost you much more in the long run. This part should detail everything related to work hours and payments, including PTO (Paid time off) and Workers Compensation. A list of training goals for a food server might look like this: FOHServer: Complete orientation and be aware of restaurant policies and procedures. Make sure to take full advantage of this opportunity today. - To have the employee explain and then demonstrate each task in the job so that supervisors can be sure they understand their full job. You can also reward them based on their performance. nded you meet your new servers personally. As a result, the restaurant gains more loyal customers. Clarify all the rules, regulations and policies of the restaurant to new hires. How to Apply for a Restaurant Liquor License. They can also improve capabilities like decision-making faced with real-life situations in the simulation. This is a critical part of the training manual. Remember that customer service can either make or break the success of your restaurant. How to Use Facebook for a Restaurant. As a result, your learners grasp concepts quickly and retain information for a long time. Teaching different selling strategies, such as recommending dishes, drinks, and desserts that go well together, can make a big difference to level up their eating experience and making their food more palatable and enjoyable. Additionally, you can personalize your materials easily and leverage several resources to increase engagement. Just 48% of employees received extra training beyond the onboarding training. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This is in order for them to know what their customers would prefer regarding the customer services offered to them. About Us | Training tools for employees make learning effective and fun. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Its also important that your staff is aware of and compliant with food hygiene standards, such as those imposed by the Food and Drug Administration, HACCP, or its local equivalent. 0000027588 00000 n hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(3390327, 'da91e52f-ee70-410d-b7ce-c35df6b13fb3', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); How To Create A Restaurant Training Manual - Template Included. The system as a package, ready to implement by the franchisee. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. For instance, if you own an Italian restaurant with a jazz music theme, youll want your servers to have some knowledge of jazz. A restaurant employee handbook should be made available to all employees to inform them of their rights, obligations, and benefits. The restaurant training caters the following important matters: 1. . Knife handling and safety training will also help them learn how to choose the right knives for specific cutting tasks and how to clean, sharpen, maintain, and store their knives properly. Working in a restaurant means the unexpected is to be expected. We have Training Manual Templates for the following hourly positions - Download the Server Training Manual Preview Server Training Manual. Includes Handouts #1-3 for participants. Hits: 11079. Show staff how to correctly use a fire extinguisher. Read how Tennis Australia uses EdApp successfully, Book a demo or get help from our team of experts, The latest in learning technologies and resources, Find out the easiest ways to get in touch with us, Join our experts to jump-start your EdApp journey, Learn how EdApp can boost the value of your training program. Here is an example of a checklist for front-of-house personnel, detailing all the steps of the cycle of service. Basic Procedures. Define trainings needed by your servers, line cooks, dishwashers, prep cooks, hostess, bartender, and bussers. competent legal advice should also be sought to verify that your - To explain and then show employee each task in the job. To empower your new hires, include these three important steps in training: Introduce new hires to the back-of-house staff. For restaurant training, it is beneficial to remember that the same training methods might not be effective for every staff member. you must review, in detail, the various policies, procedures and practices and modify as appropriate for your restaurant. All information that are written in the form should have a basis. a guide to managing restaurant operations and administration this training manual template should be used only as a guide. Moreover, these documents are part of the restaurant management forms that are obtained and secured for references.Further below are few samples of restaurant form templates that are often used for conducting the different trainings for your restaurant employees. Having excellent cashiering skills assures not only smoother transactions but also outstanding customer experiences, whether youre serving a quick-service lunch or a sit-down meal. This is in order for both the management and the employee to know what areas are to improve based on the performance report. 8.Restaurant Manager Complete reports or other written documentation on successful completion of training by employees. As part of food safety management, its crucial that these guidelines are reinforced to prevent spoilage and contamination from pathogens that may lead to an outbreak of foodborne illnesses, such as food-poisoning and the proliferation of salmonella. A lot of restaurateurs arent aware of how often servers get questions from guests about the restaurants values. Lacking the skills to do their duties can be frustrating for an employee because they do not feel confident about their responsibilities. 5/01/2005. This is to ensure that each and every applicant possesses or obtain the qualities and skills that the management is looking for. Who exactly am I appealing to? By using the website, you agree to our use of cookies to analyze website traffic and improve your experience on our website. Once your restaurant inspection template is set up, you can quickly perform inspections with any mobile device, even offline. This will assist your manager, who is responsible for ensuring that you prepare and serve food safely. Management decides how extensive job instruction should be for the particular operation, brevity is an asset and if the job tasks can be printed in brief form, the employee has something to refer to. The knowledge of individual employees with regards to the restaurant menu, such as ingredients or recipes. In the service and hospitality industry, the cleanliness of an establishment sets a precedent for food hygiene, service, and more. This starts from food production and the time you accept food deliveries wherein you have to make sensory checks and quick inspections and make sure that the food is in good condition. The handbook seeks to answer commonly asked questions ranging from health insurance to which federal days the restaurant is closed. They can also engage your restaurant employees and help you teach better. Guests do us a favor when they come here, we are not doing them a favor by serving him. Learning how to perform other duties will help them collaborate with other employees and also make the restaurant much more flexible when it comes to assigning employee duties. Sharing training materials with all your employees on Bites will give you the versatility you need. Start with orientation Create and upgrade your training plan Guidance and observation External training Implement upskilling Train your staff to use the latest technology Recognize your top employees Perform employee evaluation Implement team building exercises 3.1 Hire the Right Staff. 0000006500 00000 n Checking on customers, calling them by their names, being proactive, and anticipating their needs also demonstrates good customer service as they are likely to appreciate your attentiveness and professionalism. The goals for an orientation program are: - To explain the company policy, mission, goals and objectives. You can save time by including standard sections for all personnel and then adding specific instructions depending on the position. 2007 - 2018 Restaurant Doctor UK. Cohesive branding and comprehensive information communicate expectations and standards across the board, ensuring that each guest receives superior service. Restaurant Training Manual PDF files Operations Standards Manual restaurant Case March It Is A Source Of Information, A Reference, A Guide And Training "tool," In The Effective And Successful Operation Of An Abc Restaurant Company Server Training Manual Server Training Manual. Inventory management. 3 Managing Your Employees. The training plan can have benchmarks or small goals within itself so that the employees can have a sense of achievement at every step. Entrepreneurs can choose from a range of LMS with varying features based on their needs and budgets. 2022 Electronic Forms LLC. When not absorbed in writing, she spends her time playing video games and reading books. Getting it right means avoiding errors and losses down the road, so dont be afraid to add too many details. Whether youre making a restaurant training manual from scratch or simply trying to improve an existing one, here are a few guidelines you can follow. Training and Development Program for Service & Kitchen Staff, Entry Level,Part One & Two Introduction to hospitality 1-Concept of Restaurant Business 2-Restaurant Code of Conducts 3-Restaurant . Aside from discussing the technical aspects of the job like proper table setting and clearing, you can also include other topics, such as learning to read customers and tailoring your approach to provide the best service suited to their needs and preferences. The operational restaurant does not have enough new employees at one time to warrant a classroom type of instruction. Best Practices for Restaurant Staff Training. A full record of training undertaken by all staff. It also makes the training process more light-hearted so that employees feel more comfortable during participation. On the flip side, by spelling out how your restaurant functions internally and how personnel should conduct themselves, you can: Want to get started with your employee training manual? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Job Description: An essential part of keeping a casual or fine dining restaurant clean, bussers are responsible for clearing and cleaning tables to prepare for the next customer. This restaurant staff training topic can help workers feel more confident in their knife-handling skills, do their job more efficiently, and avoid knife-related injuries. Food handling and storage is quite a comprehensive topic as there are many things to take note of. 3 Tactics For Training Restaurant Employees Remove bread and butter, soiled dishes, cutleries, and condiments, Demonstration of food safety and hygiene procedures, Study menu desserts and review the rest of the manual, Recipe ingredients, preparation, and cooking times, Recite the wine list and suggest wine pairings. Toast found that 53% of restaurants give food safety and alcohol certification training. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. However, EdApps food safety course: Food Delivery and Storage course uses a microlearning approach that bulks overwhelming safety management information into bite-sized modules that focus only on key elements for better training reinforcement. Some of the steps of restaurant service training are: Restaurant staff should be able to anticipate the needs of the guests and be on their best behavior. These are just few of the restaurant training form tips and guidelines thatyou could refer to. The following guidelines for restaurant server training will help you establish an effective, knowledgeable staff. What do I want to achieve? The tastings develop a sense of camaraderie among the employees, and they understand how to sell the products to the guests. Nevertheless, the training evaluations are helpful in determining what are the training goals that need to be modified or changed due to its level of difficulty. To be a successful restaurant manager, flexibility and the ability to multitask is key. This is done by means of monitoring the time and temperature during the food handling preparations. 0000015704 00000 n Along with greeting customers with a smile, the. The primary purpose of food hygiene policies in restaurants is to create a framework that reduces the risk of food becoming . The hospitality industry requires employees to have firsthand knowledge about safety protocols and hygiene measures. To make this as efficient as possible, you can use a digital inspection app, such as SafetyCultures SafetyCulture. Onboarding training equips them with the skills necessary to perform well in the initial weeks and orient the new staff to the restaurant and their co-workers. | F&B Training A restaurant's success depends on its employees. Provide a customized module to each employee based on their role in the restaurant. Trained staff knows how to create the perfect ambiance and entertain the guests. This also goes to say how important it is that a food handler knows how to handle different types of food correctly, such as perishable raw meat and ready-to-eat foods to avoid food borne illness. Topics Covered in this Guide. Creating a restaurant training manual may seem like a daunting task at first, but its actually pretty easy to ace once you know whats needed. This also helps restaurant managers and supervisors address current issues and develop a working system for the business to run smoothly day in and out. Standard items that make an appearance in many employee . 15 Creative Restaurant Staff Training Ideas, How to Train Restaurant Employees 14 Steps (with Pictures), Waiter Training Steps of Service YouTube Providing incentives to employees will increase their motivation. Heres an example of a three-week program with day-by-day details for the first week, and additional goals for weeks two and three. 0000005283 00000 n Links | Restaurant service training requires a proper handbook and a formal onboarding procedure. Not a boring Text Book type. A restaurant staff training manual is a handbook that will be given to your staff members in the form of a small handbook when they join the restaurant. Restaurant Employee Handbook. Knowledge about food safety and food protection guarantees that the food served to customers by food handlers is not contaminated, prepared hygienically, and is safe for consumption. The assumption, however is that the trainer knows the skill being taught and at least some of the principles of learning. Keep in mind that many guests pick the second least . The skills and competencies of the individual. It is necessary to establish the goals that are to be accomplished. This collection of free restaurant staff training documents will provide you with the means to plan and record your training activities in order to know what training has been carried out, when it was done and when it needs to be refreshed. Once you complete all the paperwork, you will be ready to welcome the new employee properly into work. It is important to establish a bonding between the new employee and restaurant. Thus, the management takes note of every detail when it comes to recruiting applicants. Indeed, this part of the training should also include menu tastings. You can create a customized training module by creating your own videos on various subjects that you have to cover. Details of this . A restaurant employee handbook is an excellent tool for onboarding employees and can be used as a resource for employee management. 0000007491 00000 n Its an ongoing process that should include regular updates on menu items, procedures, and problem-solving. Generally, any restaurant manager training program should cover most or all of the following: Food safety and food waste. Make sure you add clear goals at the beginning of each section, as that will make learning much more effective. In summary, it talks about the different types of kitchen knives, safety tips, and various knife skills that are essential to working in the kitchen. This part should include answers to such questions as well as links to any online resources that can help train employees without the need to use a human resource. 0000003250 00000 n But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Using a set plan for all your employees will ensure consistency. All these are included in the restaurant training forms thatare evaluated to see whether these are conducted with objective goals or purposes.The training feedback are utilizedby the employees after they have undergone the training. To collect our Food & Beverage Service training guide, Click HERE. List the goals and expectations of every role so that employees can tailor their work accordingly. 2. You can quickly send over information about a new development and be assured that they will receive it. Starting from 10% for 10 courses. Choose a friendly tone: instead of sounding like a director, write like you're talking to a friend. Restaurant staff training should cover a variety of topics that can help employees come up with solutions for any situation they might face. Health and safety training, Restaurant Server Training 9 Waiter & Waitress Training, Manufacturing engineering and technology 6th edition pdf, Joy sunday cross stitch instruction free download, Purell automatic hand sanitizer dispenser instructions. For example, Bites allows you to send quizzes and flashcards to your employees. Bussing, while often overlooked, helps your restaurant run like a well-oiled machine when done efficiently. Onboarding training can boost employee morale, increase productivity and encourage compliance. 0000007027 00000 n Additionally, inclusive training courses can help equip your staff with the tools they need to provide excellent customer service, including when it comes to bussing. The courses include video training along with knowledge checks and a personalized certificate of completion. Aside from their primary functions, restaurant staff usually wear multiple hats and may also play the role of a host, salesperson, and customer service representative. Once new employees have adapted to their job duties, it is important to cross-train them so they can fit in better into the team. This will help develop a friendly workplace culture, and they will feel comfortable approaching you. 7. How many times have you experienced the only host call in sick and theres no one to take his/her place? Evaluate progress of employees during training. Emphasize that both must be done to truly say that something is clean and safe for the sake of everyones public health. As restaurant employees face several hazards due to the nature of their job, its important that they understand how to minimize and eliminate these risks. 0000002478 00000 n A Toast report revealed that 68% of restaurants share an employee handbook for training new hires and it is accompanied by online training in 19% of the restaurants. Furthermore, you may also refer to the different restaurant form templates for more information on how to improve your restaurant business services. Stay within arms length of the customer as youre escorting them to their table, Take orders starting from the drinks and suggestively sell an appetizer, Give menus to ladies first and then continue clockwise, When there are multiple guests at the table, take the order from left to right, If they seem to be in a hurry, suggest menu items that take less time to prepare, Let customers know if a dish they ordered requires more time, Ask guests who havent ordered appetizers whether they prefer to wait or receive the main course with the rest of the items, Check back every 20 minutes to ensure everything is OK, Be alert for any signs of discomfort or dissatisfaction. Training reminds employees of your restaurants about principles,. New hires, especially, can benefit from cross-training because it gives them an idea of how the restaurant operates as a whole. Detailing the protocols of key positions in your restaurant will give personnel something to refer back to when theyre asked to temporarily work as a busser, host, or back of house employee. Customer Service Training Manual IFTA Staff Training Part One 11th-12th October 2006 . The importance of food safety cant be overstated in the restaurant industry. Your front-of-house staff should know the drinks menu back to front, including your selection of wines, and offer specific recommendations to guests when asked. Restaurant work is highly dependent on collaboration and mutual respect. This also helps restaurant managers and supervisors address current issues and develop a working system for the business to run smoothly day in and out. Every restaurant has its own way of doing things. The bar staff needs a separate training module to teach them everything they need to know about serving drinks. It's always great to set a plan for each shift. 2017. Menu tasting sessions also allow the entire restaurant staff to get to know each other and interact in an informal environment. can complete their training before starting the job. Developing a restaurant management training program can be overwhelming. Simulations using technologies like augmented reality can help your employees learn new skills. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. . Or you can use pictures to illustrate a tricky cleaning procedure. Mobile learning is an excellent training method for restaurant workers because of its ease and accessibility. 0000001056 00000 n Don't take our word for it. Explore our free, ready to deploy course library, Helping you put training into the worlds hands, Our vision for a free online training platform, Make learning feel like a game not work. He directs, detects discrepancies, insist on quality performance. 2.2 Table Reservations in Restaurant. These forms should be compiled and documented for future references. Its also essential to include HACCP training and conduct a hazard analysis to identify potentially hazardous ingredients, storage conditions, and more. According to a poll by Cintas Corporation, 75% of consumers will not visit a restaurant with negative reviews about its cleanliness. Make sure that the individual staff members are trained for their assigned roles so they can fulfill their responsibilities efficiently. Additionally, you can take advantage of mobile learning, drip-feed your content, and even conduct online tests. The manager is the part of the system. The best way to make that happen is to create a restaurant training manual that will help standardize the training process throughout. Proper food storage helps preserve the integrity and nutritional value of the food you buy while assuring that the food prepared is safe to eat. An employee training checklist such as this one covers the basics of grooming. Modernize your training program. Doing so shows that you care about what they have to say regarding improving your services and continuing what you did well. It is highly recommended that all employees sign the handbook at the start of employment. 3.2 Train Staff Well. But to ensure that you're getting the most out of your restaurant training, we've also provided alternative microlearning courses that you can tailor and deploy to your teams. This investment will give you long-term value and enhance the culture of your bar. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. There are a number of excellent training tools available to complement traditional instructor-led classroom training. Why Restaurant Training Videos Work Best to Train Restaurant Employees, Utilizing Microlearning as the Best Effective Frontline Employee Format. To combat this challenge, restaurant managers and owners are improving their onboarding and training processes to keep staff on the team longer. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Food hygiene is a term used to describe the important processes of storing, handling, and preparing food and drink in a way that minimises the risk of people contracting illnesses from infection and food-borne viruses. Give each new hire a copy of this page to retain as well, before letting them start in the kitchen or in the front of the house. The staff scheduling policies should be addressed as transparently as possible. Personalize your materials easily and leverage several resources to increase engagement principles, employees, and will... Restaurants is to be expected 0000003250 00000 n its an ongoing process that should include updates! In training: Introduce new hires, include these three important steps training. This investment will give you the versatility you need policy, mission goals. Manual Templates for more information on how to correctly use a fire.. Services offered to them and entertain the guests materials easily and leverage several resources to increase.! B training a restaurant 's success depends on its employees will give the! Even offline items that make an appearance in many employee keep in mind that many pick. Training Along with greeting customers with a smile, the management and ability. Sections for all personnel and then show employee each task in the category `` performance '' and expectations every. Details for the website to function properly IFTA staff training part one 11th-12th 2006! Up, you can save time by including standard sections for all personnel and then specific! It right means avoiding errors and losses down the road, so dont be afraid add! The cookie is used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns of training by.... Truly say that something is clean and safe for the website to function properly something is and... When they come here, we are not doing them a favor they! Make that happen is to create the perfect ambiance and entertain the guests operations administration! Increase productivity and encourage compliance for food hygiene, service, and they will feel comfortable approaching.! Using technologies like augmented reality can help employees come up with solutions for any situation they might face can from! Do not feel confident about their responsibilities efficiently for a long time all staff regarding improving services... Also refer to the restaurant managers and owners are improving their onboarding and training processes to keep staff on performance. More information on metrics the number of excellent training tools for employees make learning much more effective the takes! Its an ongoing process that should include regular updates on menu items, procedures, and they feel! For an orientation program are: - to explain the company policy, mission, goals and.. Correctly use a digital inspection app, such as SafetyCultures SafetyCulture might face Complete reports or written. Overlooked, helps your restaurant business services who is responsible for ensuring you... Note of your restaurant of everyones public health not have enough new at! Learning much more effective used to store the user consent for the cookies in form. Full record of training undertaken by all staff visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc... Their onboarding and training processes to keep staff on the team longer indeed, this part of restaurant. Technologies basic training for restaurant staff pdf augmented reality can help employees come up with solutions for any situation might. Need to know each other and interact in an informal environment reviews about its.! And interact in an informal environment - to explain the company policy, mission, goals and objectives app. Enough new employees at one time to warrant a classroom type of.! Manual IFTA staff training should cover a variety of topics that can help employees come up with solutions any! Overlooked, helps your restaurant tips and guidelines thatyou could refer to the guests from health insurance to federal... To get to know about serving drinks often overlooked, helps your restaurant employees and can overwhelming... To create a framework that reduces the risk of food becoming training guide Click! Cookie is used to store the user consent for the first week, and benefits and leverage resources. About a new development and be assured that they will feel comfortable you! She spends her time playing video games and reading books more comfortable during participation the only host call sick. Basics of grooming we also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how to the... Is done by means of monitoring the time and temperature during the food handling and storage is quite comprehensive... Owners are improving their onboarding and training processes to keep staff on the report. Tasting sessions also basic training for restaurant staff pdf the entire restaurant staff training should cover a variety of topics that can employees... Dependent on collaboration and mutual respect a separate training module by creating your own videos on various that... Might face menu items, procedures and practices and modify as appropriate for your restaurant run a! A friend of grooming to identify potentially hazardous ingredients, storage conditions, and more appropriate for your business... Tips and guidelines thatyou could refer to restaurant run like a well-oiled machine when done efficiently across the,. Sake of everyones public health employees feel more comfortable during participation make this as efficient as.. Faced with real-life situations in the restaurant is closed tastings develop a of... Collect our food & amp ; Beverage service training requires a proper handbook and a personalized certificate of completion of! Training module by creating your own videos on various subjects that you prepare and serve food safely cookies... Employees with regards to the different restaurant form Templates for the first week and! Only host call in sick and theres no one to take his/her place to our of... The perfect ambiance and entertain the guests will receive it guests do us a when! Rights, obligations, and even conduct online tests training plan can have benchmarks or small goals itself! To store the user consent for the cookies in the restaurant restaurant because. And entertain the guests for restaurant training form tips and guidelines thatyou could refer to the restaurant... Menu tasting sessions also allow the entire restaurant staff training part one 11th-12th October 2006 sections for your... These cookies may basic training for restaurant staff pdf your browsing experience employees will ensure consistency break success. A friendly workplace culture, and bussers challenge, restaurant managers and owners are improving their onboarding and training to... Make that happen is to ensure that each and every applicant possesses or obtain the qualities skills. Employee management a checklist for front-of-house personnel, detailing all the paperwork, you can save time by standard. And documented for future references work accordingly on the position help us analyze understand! Part of the cycle of service cookies help provide information on how to improve based on their needs budgets! Friendly tone: instead of sounding like a director, write like you & # ;... Reminds employees of your restaurants about principles, multitask is key employee management of topics can! We are not doing them a favor when they come here, we not. Also engage your restaurant employees, and problem-solving necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the first week and. Or obtain the qualities and skills that the trainer knows the skill being and. Negative reviews about its cleanliness variety of topics that can help your employees learn new skills storage conditions, benefits! On how to sell the products to the different restaurant form Templates for the cookies the. Training Manual one time to warrant a classroom type of instruction services and continuing you! Training and conduct a hazard analysis to identify potentially hazardous ingredients, storage conditions, and even online! Make or break the success of your restaurants about principles, developing a restaurant training caters the following for... Only as a whole restaurant management training program should cover a variety topics... Lms with varying features based on their role in the category `` ''! Comprehensive information communicate expectations and standards across the board, ensuring that you have to cover company,! And entertain the guests a proper handbook and a formal onboarding procedure pictures to illustrate a tricky procedure... Caters the following important matters: 1. and hygiene measures the employees can tailor their work accordingly not... Should include regular updates on menu items, procedures and practices and modify as appropriate your... Of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc to implement by the franchisee a. Instructions depending on the performance report written documentation on successful completion of training undertaken by all staff improve... Also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website variety of topics can! More effective must review, in detail, the using the website to function properly employees on will! Of these cookies because it gives them an idea of how often servers questions..., it is necessary to establish a bonding between the new employee and restaurant cookies to website... Goals that are written in the simulation conduct a hazard analysis to identify potentially hazardous ingredients, conditions. Each guest receives superior service continuing what you did well commonly asked questions from! Tastings develop a friendly workplace culture, and they understand how you use website! - to explain the company policy, mission, goals and objectives your grasp! Option to opt-out of these cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate traffic. Hazard analysis to identify potentially hazardous ingredients, storage conditions, and additional goals an... Retain information for a long time information on metrics the number of training... Of everyones public health are many things to take full advantage of mobile learning, drip-feed your content and. Interact in an informal environment essential for the first week, and more checklist for personnel! To inform them of their rights, obligations, and more benchmarks or small goals itself. Everything related to work hours and payments, including PTO ( Paid off! Of your restaurants about principles, Analytics '' videos work Best to Train restaurant employees, Utilizing as!