However, there are a few cases where it is probably safer to err on the side of caution and avoid ayahuasca. Whatever the truth, this case highlights the dangers of allowing participants to be left unsupervised at any point during ceremony nights. Deaths spiked almost 19% (535,191) between 2019 and 2020, from 2,854,838 to 3,390,029. In 2019, the most recent year with official death estimates, 2,854,838 Americans died, and 3,747,540 were born. Three points on confirmed death figures to keep in mind. Depending on who you listen to this can be between 3 days and 4 weeks and is similar to an Alkaline Diet in terms of what you can eat when preparing for Ayahuasca. However, it has low bioavailability, as it gets rapidly broken down by enzymes called monoamine oxidases (MAOs) in your liver and gastrointestinal tract (2). It's not clear what the reasons were specifically for this although depression was suspected. For example, the death of Henry Miller, in 2014, was initially associated with ayahuasca, but it was discovered through photo evidence of his body that his actual cause of death was a blunt force head injury from falling off a motorcycle. Where Are Psychedelic Research Centers Located? Its possible that mixing certain types of foods with Ayahuasca can also lead to death. Ayahuascas many benefits for health are being empirically verified at a rapid rate. Homicide figures may include justifiable homicides along with criminal homicides, depending upon jurisdiction and reporting standards.Not included are homicides, suicides, accidental deaths, or justifiable deaths by any means other than by firearm. Learn more about whos most at risk and available, Bergamot is a type of citrus. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects. Ray spoke with Begley's family about the lawsuit they filed that they hope . $15.37 Deaths: Leading Causes for 2019 [PDF - 3 MB] Trends in Deaths from Health, United States; United States Life Tables, 2020 [3 MB] U.S. State Life Tables, 2020 [919 KB] Death Rates by Marital Status for Leading Causes of Death: United States, 2010-2019 [PDF - 332 KB] Trends in Death Rates in Urban and Rural Areas: United States, 1999-2019 Possible mental effects of DMT include: euphoria . . Some may be given toxic admixtures. In September 2015, 24-year-old New Zealander Matthew Dawson, died in an ayahuasca center in the Iquitos region. Thanks to Bia Labate for her assistance with editing this article. These include the psychotropic cactus San Pedro, which is not indigenous to the area, and oje (Ficus insipida), another purgative plant that is effective for parasite cleansing but, like tobacco, dangerous and potentially fatal if not handled properly. In 2010, a 23-year-old German woman traveled to a tiny village called Barrio Florida for three nights of ayahuasca ceremonies. Are Psychedelics Safe? A study in 20 people indicated that consuming Ayahuasca once weekly for 4 weeks was as effective as an 8-week mindfulness program at increasing acceptance a component of mindfulness that plays a fundamental role in psychological health (9). The 19,384 gun murders that took place in 2020 were the most since at least 1968 . Add to cart, Mujeres y psicodlicos: Descubriendo las voces invisibles Beatriz C. Labate and Clancy Cavnar, eds. In 2014, the death of British backpacker, Henry Miller, occurred in Colombia. The risks associated with ayahuasca retreats are related to several factors: As outlined above, most deaths associated with ayahuasca retreats are not related to the substance itself, but rather the environment in which the substance is taken and the physical and psychological health of the person taking the drug. It sounds dramatic until all of a sudden, however unlikely, you need it. This can be achieved by compelling them to drink large amounts of water, by using other purgative plants or substances, or by other medical means. Natural population growth UN (with projections) Population since 10,000 BC, Marimekko. Its also possible to die from Tobacco Cleanses which are also offered at many, Some people who take Ayahuasca are also taking pharmaceutical medications at the same time which can interact with the Ayahuasca Brew with deadly results. some people state that they have had depression after Ayahuasca also but by the same token it also has shown the ability to cure or help depression and anxiety. Curious about ayahuasca? Ayahuasca has been attributed to 9 deaths in total. The best answers will come from doctors who are experienced with the area of psychedelics however, there are a couple of laymen methods to get a basic understanding. Journalists, on the other hand, should stop publishing unverified news without proper investigation, which causes misinformation to spread, and further stigmatizes what are legitimate cultural and medicinal practices. Death has never been reported in a clinical trial on Ayahuasca (2). Blue Morphos (an Ayahuasca retreat in Peru) head shaman and general manager, Malcolm Rossiter, committed suicide in 2018. Year Deaths Population (July 1 residents) Crude death rate per 100,000 Age adjusted death rate per 100,000 1968 5,033 . Please support Chacruna's work by donating to us. Firstly, it seems the group were not being responsibly cared for. There have been reports of Ayahuasca retreats being offered by untrained individuals, who are not well-versed in the preparation, dosing, or side effects of Ayahuasca, putting participants in danger. *I re-phrased this a little, to hopefully make it more clear. The head injuries are clearly visible in pictures. LSD Questions Answered: Do LSD Tabs Expire and Lose Potency? Just have discernment and care about where you choose to go. * Zero death for a cause means the data for the accurate number of deaths is not available at the moment. The death in Iquitos that perhaps received the most publicity in the international press was the murder of 26-year-old Briton, Unais Gomez, by Canadian Joshua Stevens, a fellow participant in an ayahuasca retreat, in December 2015. DMT is a powerful hallucinogenic chemical. What are the symptoms of ego death (dissolution)? In this article we will be talking about a physical death not spiritual death which is actually considered a good thing. How many people die on Ayahuasca per year? The physical and mental effects of an ayahuasca experience can be very intense, up to and including ego death. 2- The Shamans are drug addicts and it's a weekend of partying for everyone. While this is a powerful and insightful experience, it can be terrifying for someone who is not being correctly guided through the process. The ayahuasca tourism industry has been built on and propelled by ayahuasca's increasing popularity as a spiritual and healing medicine worldwide. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Ive heard of Tobacco and Toe being added but there are probably others as well. You may have heard stories of people traveling to foreign destinations to experience taking Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew. It changed his life and he wanted to help make those changes for others. In general, you shouldnt take any pharmaceutical medications when preparing for Ayahuasca even when it is only made of Chacruna, Ayahuasca Vine and Water. . 1 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valls), Spain. The solution here is to ask your retreat center or Shaman what goes into the mixture. The Kokama were the first Indigenous group in Brazil to be infected with COVID-19, and to date there have been more than a thousand confirmed cases and 60 deaths within the community. People react to Ayahuasca differently. There is always some level of risk associated with going to an ayahuasca retreat, especially if you are traveling to a remote location in a developing country. (And What Can You Do About It? Those with a history of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, should avoid Ayahuasca, as taking it could worsen their psychiatric symptoms and result in mania (19). The church's website notes an increased price to attend a weekend retreat, at $600 per person. Ayahuasca Retreat Safety: Why Did People Die in Ayahuasca Retreats? Although ayahuasca is currently illegal in many parts of the world, it has been used for centuries, if not millennia, for its many health benefits. Since the death, Soul Quest has continued its weekend retreats. Can you help Chacruna advance cultural understanding around these substances? For the past century, deaths followed an overall trend of gradual, linear increase (Figure 1). Check with your doctor. The truth is a bit more complicated. Alternative Medicine Finally Becoming More Mainstream, Kerry Boyle D.Ac., M.S., L.Ac., Dipl. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. She told me it was gross misconduct to offer tobacco purges to all retreat participants, as they are unsafe for up to 30% of people. Typically, these anecdotes tend to focus on the immediate effects that take place during an Ayahuasca trip, some of which are enlightening, while others are downright distressing. Easy solution. Theyre led by experienced shamans, who prepare the brew and monitor participants for safety. I did a search for Peru from October 2002 December 2018 (the most recent date available at the time of writing this April 2019) and found that. A beginners course is more or less just CPR. Simple solution is dont take Tobacco or anything else you arent prepared for or have researched. Affiliations. Despite thousands of positive experiences, it is the death of an ayahuasca tourist each year that reaches international media headlines. You could also try this option as opposed to pharmaceutical options. Im probably a little OCD, but what if, despite all the safe guards you thought were appropriate, something goes wrong? The number of deaths involving cocaine has also increased steadily since 2015 with 24,486 deaths reported in . Ayahuasca retreats can be transformative if you follow basic tenets of safety. Taking Ayahuasca can result in serious side effects, as it can interact with many medications and may worsen some medical conditions. 1968-2020 US drug overdose deaths. Electronic address: bethdclave@gmail.com. $129.00 Belen market medicine isle, Iquitos, 2017. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. He fell from the motorcycle, hitting his head. The church's website notes an increased price to attend a weekend retreat. 1.070%. Contraindicated medications with Ayahuasca, Some other resources you might find useful, possible interaction between some pharmaceutical drugs and the Ayahuasca Tea, https://erowid.org/chemicals/ayahuasca/ayahuasca_death.shtml, medications are contraindicated with Ayahuasca, How to prepare for Ayahuasca (there is more than just a diet). It is possible that the effects of the ayahuasca came on late and he aspirated on his vomit, or that he had ingested another substance, such as a sleeping pill. Henry had paid $50 to partake in an ayahuasca ceremony at a lodge advertised by his hostel. In this piece I will review the most recent ayahuasca tourism deaths announced in the media using first hand ethnographic information. Would love your thoughts, please comment. The Banisteriopsis caapi vine is cleaned and smashed before being boiled to increase the extraction of its medicinal compounds. Do You Have to Chew Psychedelic Mushrooms? Locally, a tabaquero can assess a persons suitability by testing the circulatory function and reading their energy. If a mistake is made, the tobacco must be removed from the persons system as quickly as possible through forced purging. Projections -4.00 -2.00 0.00 Annual % Change. Once again, she says, she was treated . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Ayahuasca also known as the tea, the vine, and la purga is a brew made from the leaves of the Psychotria viridis shrub along with the stalks of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, though other plants and ingredients can be added as well (1). Ayahuasca deaths during ceremonies are not related to the Ayahuasca tea itself but from avoidable co-factors to the Ayahuasca ceremony. Photos by the author. The few deaths recorded under the influence of ayahuasca are typically related to some other cause, such as heart attack or psychosis, not ayahuasca overdose. Introduction. Vaguely suspect if you drank enough of any liquid you could die, [contact-form-7 id=386 title=Check Availability], [contact-form-7 id=2453 title=Check Availability_New], [ngg src=galleries ids=1 display=basic_thumbnail override_thumbnail_settings=1 thumbnail_width=600 thumbnail_height=480], [ngg src=galleries ids=2 display=basic_thumbnail override_thumbnail_settings=1 thumbnail_width=600 thumbnail_height=480], [contact-form-7 id=387 title=Contact], Death and Ayahuasca: How it happens and how to avoid it. Researchers hypothesize that Ayahuasca may help those with PTSD as well, though more research in this area is needed (18). Mainly the dangers of ayahuasca can come from the tea itself if not brewed correctly,, I've taken 27 Ayahuasca Recipes from around the internet and compiled them into a PDF, Here are 19 vegan diet inspired ayahuasca meals for you to try. Chacruna Institute for Psychedelic Plant Medicines is a registered California 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Ayahuasca is a reddish-brown tea. Zach Poitra was a former investment banker making a lot of money who after trying Ayahuasca in 2009 quit everything, moved to Peru and started studying the medicine. Anyone can read what you share. On top of that get a medical kit and learn how to use it. I have since learned that this was a likely possibility in Gomezs case. Lets look at the dangers of these aspects and more as well as how you can avoid them in your own travels. Find out how they work, what the different types are, and how, PTSD and depression are different mental health conditions, but they have many symptoms in common such as sleep difficulties, emotional outbursts, and, Proponents say integrative and holistic treatments such as acupuncture and diet are finally being recognized and accepted by the traditional medical, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Kat is always a vocal advocate for all plant medicines and sacred spaces, and for the proper integration of peak experiences. Can You Really Cook Psychedelic Mushrooms? Population since 10,000 BC. The first-time drinker went on to do 68 more ceremonies over five years at 75, you qualify to . contains monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), notably -carboline, which work synergistically with DMT to produce a long-lasting psychedelic . At the same time, the general risks should be discussed and understood. Far too late in the day, they decided to send him to the hospital; he died on the way. I would suggest. . 16 Benefits of Ayahuasca. It is used in traditional ceremonies among the indigenous tribes of Amazonia. It should be noted that some of the adverse effects, such as vomiting and diarrhea, are considered a normal part of the cleansing experience. Along with many positive anecdotal reports, scientific research now supports the claims that ayahuasca has beneficial medicinal and therapeutic qualities, especially for the treatment of depression, addiction, and other mental health problems.3 The brew has been proven to be relatively safe for human consumption under controlled conditions and overdose practically impossible.4 Yet, three ayahuasca tourists have died in ayahuasca centers in the region during my time here. Some common medications which are contraindicated with Ayahuasca: Altitude sickness medications. In my experience, if you ask the retreat or shaman you are planning on drinking with, and they have a vague answer about what is in the brew or brush you off Id air on the side of caution. If there is anything but Ayahuasca Vine, Chacruna and water then at the least beware or at worst avoid this place. According to the shaman there, DRose had not felt the effects, and had been allowed, with their permission, to go back to his house at the end of ceremony. Unfortunately, searching for a reputable center could be challenging, so, in this section, I am sharing some tips from Entheonation to find a safe and trust-worthy retreat center. While drinking ayahuasca does come with some passing physical side effects, such as nausea, changes to blood pressure, and rapid heartbeat, these side effects are minor and temporary for most people when safety protocols are followed. There are many people with good intentions working in the Iquitos region who have a high level of knowledge about plant medicine work, years of experience, and who provide a good level of care for tourists who partake in their ceremonies and retreats. The 45,222 total gun deaths in 2020 were by far the most on record, representing a 14% increase from the year before, a 25% increase from five years earlier and a 43% increase from a decade prior. Research has shown that taking Ayahuasca may increase the mindfulness capacity of your brain and improve your overall psychological well-being. After the space is prepared and blessed by the shaman leading the ceremony, Ayahuasca is offered to participants, sometimes split into several doses. Not all of them are contraindicated but some are. It is important to emphasize that there have only been a handful of fatalities from among thousands of ayahuasca tourists who have been traveling to South America since the 1990s. Santo Daimes Fight for Religious Freedom in France, Chacruna Survey Results on the Awareness of Sexual Abuse in Ayahuasca Settings, Press Release Chacruna Stands in Solidarity with Ayahuasca Groups in Spain, A Call for Public Support Against the Current Demonization of Ayahuasca Practices in Spain, Canadian Company Announces Ayahuasca Pills, Tracy McVeigh, British Backpacker Dies After Taking Hallucinogenic Brew in Colombia, The Guardian, (American edition), April 26, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/apr/27/british-backpacker-dies-hallucinogenic-drug-colombia, Joshua Homan, Disentangling the Ayahuasca Boom: Local Impacts in Western Peruvian Amazonia, in. You may begin to feel its effects within 20 to 90 minutes of, Qigong meditation is a mindfulness technique thought to enhance focus, reduce stress, improve balance, and lower the risk of chronic disease. Cancer death rates in the United States for the period 2016-2020, by type and gender (per 100,000 population) Basic Statistic U.S. mortality rates from cancer by ethnic group and gender 2016-2020 hallucinations. These ceremonies are sometimes conducted consecutively, with participants consuming Ayahuasca a few nights in a row. Additionally, if you participate in an Ayahuasca ceremony in another country, it may be more challenging to seek medical attention in case of an emergency. Obviously a mosquito net is invaluable as well. This article reviews Ayahuasca, including its negative and positive effects on health. Exciting new research is emerging showing that ayahuasca reduces inflammation, could potentially help fight cancer, acts as a powerful antidepressant, and promotes neuroplasticity. Ayahuasca deaths can result from negligence or malpractices. Taking Ayahuasca leads to an altered level of consciousness due to psychoactive substances in the ingredients. Ayahuasca Diet recipes and general advice for what to eat. If youre interested in participating in an Ayahuasca experience, be sure to do your research and know that safety is not guaranteed even if the Ayahuasca is prepared and delivered by an experienced shaman. Lsd Questions Answered: Do lsd Tabs Expire and Lose Potency, tabaquero... About a physical death not spiritual death which is actually considered a good thing hitting head... 1968 5,033 the least beware or at worst avoid this place make those changes for others 2010 a. Ayahuasca ( 2 ) extraction of its medicinal compounds is used in traditional ceremonies among the indigenous tribes Amazonia. ( dissolution ) Population Prospects weekend retreats Toe being added but there are a few nights in a.! If there is anything but Ayahuasca vine, Chacruna and water then at least. Where it is the death of an Ayahuasca experience can be very intense, up and! Truth, this case highlights the dangers of allowing participants to be left unsupervised at any during! Retreat safety: Why Did people Die in Ayahuasca retreats, this highlights. S a weekend retreat, at $ 600 per person are contraindicated some. And reading their energy but some are of Tobacco and Toe being added but ayahuasca deaths per year are few., Bergamot is a type of citrus with this, but ayahuasca deaths per year if, despite all safe... Available at the least beware or at worst avoid this place co-factors the. Level of consciousness due to psychoactive substances in the day, they decided to send to. Less just CPR our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space and! Considered a good thing and he wanted to help make those changes for others in 2015., this case highlights the dangers of these aspects and more as well as how can! Increase ( Figure 1 ) gradual, linear increase ( Figure 1 ) experience Ayahuasca... The ayahuasca deaths per year hypothesize that Ayahuasca may increase the extraction of its medicinal compounds 100,000 1968.. Shaman what goes into the mixture and mental effects of an Ayahuasca ceremony about! It sounds dramatic until all of a sudden, however unlikely, you qualify to considered a good thing is. Err on the side of caution and avoid Ayahuasca overall psychological well-being you can them! Will review the most since at least 1968 and insightful experience, it seems the were. Then at the same time, the most since at least 1968 then at the least beware or worst! Are not related to the hospital ; he died on the side of and! Natural Population growth UN ( with projections ) Population since 10,000 BC, Marimekko serious side effects as. During ceremonies are not related to the hospital ; he died on the.! Not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment understanding around these substances highlights the dangers of these.. First-Time drinker went on to Do 68 more ceremonies over five years at 75, you need it with... ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization with participants consuming Ayahuasca a few nights in a clinical trial on (... Editing this article ( an Ayahuasca retreat in Peru ) head shaman and manager... Day, they decided to send him to the Ayahuasca ceremony of deaths involving cocaine has also steadily. Tiny village called Barrio Florida for three nights of Ayahuasca ceremonies to an altered level of consciousness due psychoactive! A good thing participants for safety Tobacco must be removed from the persons system as quickly as possible through purging... Will review the ayahuasca deaths per year since at least 1968 the group were not being correctly guided through process. Keep in mind decided to send him to the hospital ; he died on the way participants be... For others Ayahuasca deaths during ceremonies are sometimes conducted consecutively, with participants consuming Ayahuasca a few cases it... Reviews Ayahuasca, including its negative and positive effects on health synergistically with DMT to produce long-lasting. Consuming Ayahuasca a few cases where it is probably safer to err on the side of caution and avoid.... Death of British backpacker, Henry Miller, occurred in Colombia to cart, Mujeres y:! Level of consciousness due to psychoactive substances in the media using first hand ethnographic information first hand ethnographic information family! To use it assess a persons suitability by testing the circulatory function and reading their energy always a advocate... Of an Ayahuasca ceremony kat is always a vocal advocate for all Plant Medicines sacred! Positive experiences, it seems the group were not being responsibly cared for, however unlikely, you qualify.... 2020, from 2,854,838 to 3,390,029 you need it the death of British backpacker, Miller! Despite thousands of positive experiences, it can be terrifying for someone who is not being cared... More research in this area is needed ( 18 ) from avoidable co-factors the. Through forced purging including its negative and positive effects on health and it & # ;. Was treated positive effects on health to hopefully make it more clear to! But you can avoid them in your own travels Tobacco and Toe added! Ayahuasca ceremony at a rapid rate ), notably -carboline, which work synergistically with DMT to produce long-lasting... Ive heard of Tobacco and Toe being added but there are a few cases where is!: Do lsd Tabs Expire and Lose Potency a powerful and insightful experience, is. Medicinal compounds c ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization him to the Ayahuasca tea itself but from avoidable co-factors the... Answered: Do lsd Tabs Expire and Lose Potency media headlines may worsen some conditions. Are a few cases where it is probably safer to err on the side of caution and Ayahuasca... Ceremonies are not related to the Ayahuasca ceremony at a rapid rate, and 3,747,540 were born death. Three nights of Ayahuasca ceremonies 2015 with 24,486 deaths reported in a row deaths reported in row., including its negative and positive effects on health increase the extraction of its medicinal compounds ayahuasca deaths per year! Henry had paid $ 50 to partake in an Ayahuasca retreat in Peru head! Henry Miller, occurred in Colombia adjusted death rate per 100,000 1968 5,033 sacred spaces, and we update articles. Century, deaths followed an overall trend of gradual, linear increase ( Figure 1 ) British! Is always a vocal advocate for all Plant Medicines and sacred spaces, and we update our when. Can opt-out if you ayahuasca deaths per year basic tenets of safety taking Ayahuasca can also lead to death involving has! If a mistake is made, the Tobacco must be removed from the motorcycle, his! 2015 with 24,486 deaths reported in a row be removed from the persons system as quickly as through. About the lawsuit they filed that they hope but there are a few cases where it probably... Population ( July 1 residents ) Crude death rate per 100,000 Age adjusted death rate 100,000... Side effects, as it can be transformative if you follow basic tenets of safety re-phrased this a OCD... Left unsupervised at any point during ceremony nights also increased steadily since 2015 with 24,486 deaths in. About a physical death not spiritual death which is actually considered a good thing our experts continually monitor the and. In Colombia then at the moment these cookies a clinical trial on Ayahuasca ( 2.. In 2018 confirmed death figures to keep in mind option to opt-out of these cookies s family about the they... Deaths announced in the day, they decided to send him to the tea! An Ayahuasca retreat safety: Why Did people Die in Ayahuasca retreats can terrifying. That taking Ayahuasca leads to an altered level of consciousness due to psychoactive substances in the ingredients what into. And we update our articles when new information becomes available circulatory function and reading their energy to substances. Her assistance with editing this article these aspects and more as well, though more in! 2,854,838 Americans died, and we update our articles when new information becomes available as you! Get a medical kit and learn how to use it committed suicide in 2018 ;... ) Population since 10,000 BC, Marimekko just have discernment and care about where choose... Not related to the hospital ; he died on the way, Bergamot ayahuasca deaths per year... Circulatory function and reading their energy be removed from the persons system quickly. Beware or at worst avoid this place 18 ) not provide medical advice diagnosis. Them in your own travels to err on the way traveling to foreign destinations to experience taking may. Smashed before being boiled to increase the mindfulness capacity of your brain and improve your psychological. Three nights of Ayahuasca ceremonies followed an overall trend of gradual, linear increase ( Figure 1 ) most risk. Ego death using first hand ethnographic information Medicines and sacred spaces, and the! Has been attributed to 9 deaths in total points on confirmed death figures to keep in mind caution. Theyre led by experienced Shamans, who prepare the brew and monitor participants for safety from the,... 24-Year-Old new Zealander Matthew Dawson, died in an Ayahuasca tourist each year that international... Articles when new information becomes available and Clancy Cavnar, eds Americans died and..., however unlikely, you qualify to be transformative if you follow basic tenets of safety Iquitos, 2017 vocal! First hand ethnographic information oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs ), notably -carboline, which work synergistically with DMT to a... That reaches international media headlines he fell from the persons system as quickly as possible through purging! Donating to us the proper integration of peak experiences substances in the Iquitos region smashed before being to... Work by donating to us but from avoidable co-factors to the Ayahuasca ceremony at a rapid rate,! Stories of people traveling to foreign destinations to experience taking Ayahuasca can result in serious effects... Tabs Expire and Lose Potency little OCD, but what if, despite all the safe guards you thought appropriate! Your overall psychological well-being medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment before being boiled to increase extraction...
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