(1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. [Sources for essay: see Selected Bibliography.]. The first formal Pan-African Congress (the first to bear that name) took place in 1919 in Paris and was called by Du Bois. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Another 70% of Americans believe that citizens low trust in each other makes it harder to solve problems. D. The laws gave African Americans land or farms. B. For instance, high trusters often have significantly more positive views about their fellow Americans' civic and political behaviors than do medium or low trusters. * For more information on the Westinghouse Works, go to Inside an American Factory: Films of the Westinghouse Works, 1904. Homesteading was a contentious issue, because Northerners and Republicans wanted to . Retail jobs were seen by many as more respectable than factory work, especially for women, who were finding increasing opportunities in this venue. In the South, most were sharecroppers, agricultural wage laborers, or small landowners Others worked in industrial jobs, mining, and forestry. Education, Politics, and Protest, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. You can ask a new question or browse more history questions. However, the concept of Black power predated the slogan. The failure of reforms designed by the United States to help Native Americans was primarily a result of prejudice towards Native Americans What was the main reason for the slow growth of labor unions in the United States during the 19th century? Respondents also cite concerns about how money has corrupted it and how corporations control the political process. c) Overgrazing resulted in larger higher sale. cJohn Calvin was the main religious authority. dIt stopped leaders from selling indulgences.Question 5 (4 points)Which of the following is a result of the Protestant Reformation? A successor organization to the OAU, the African Union (AU), was launched in 2002 to further promote the social, political, and economic integration of Africa. It is an open question how these challenges would have been dealt with in an America shaped by the coalition represented in 1968 by Martin Luther King and Robert F. Kennedy, rather than that of George Wallace and Richard M. Nixon. The campaign for African American rightsusually referred to as the civil rights movement or the freedom movementwent forward in the 1940s and 50s in persistent and deliberate steps. In the 1930s and 40s, the African American actor and singer Paul Robeson was also a significant contributor to the continuing exchange of ideas. The second mass wave of protest and racial violence came during the disruptive years of the Depression and World War II. Anger and frustration over his assassination set off more disturbances in the inner cities. You can ask a new question or browse more ss questions. Calls for Pan-Africanism could still be heard in the United States at the turn of the 21st century, but by then the movement had generally come to stand for the unity of the countries on the African continent, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Some 15% of those who answered this question point to a need for better political leadership, including greater honesty and cooperation among those in the political class. In 1943 and 1944, civil rights activists in Chicago staged sit-ins at restaurants that refused to serve blacks. Rioting by white mobs temporarily closed Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, when nine Black students were admitted to it in 1957, prompting Pres. Two days before Thanksgiving the market has many unsold turkeys. The only whites out on the streets in sizeable numbers were law enforcement officials, who fueled the flames of discontent by beating and shooting protestors. dThe pope was the main religious authority.Question 4 (4 points)What was one change made by the Council of Trent? A. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Furthermore, James and Padmore resided in the United States for significant periods of time. The new sloganupdated from Harlem Renaissance poet Langston Hugheswas Black is beautiful., The Vietnam War, in which African American soldiers participated in disproportionately high numbers, tended to divide the Black leadership and divert white liberals from the civil rights movement. b) the ability to raise large herds on smaller plots of land. For example, in their open-ended written answers to questions, some Americans say they think there are direct connections between rising distrust and other trends they perceived as major problems, such as partisan paralysis in government, the outsize influence of lobbyists and moneyed interests, confusion arising from made-up news and information, declining ethics in government, the intractability of immigration and climate debates, rising health care costs and a widening gap between the rich and the poor. Shortly thereafter Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which eliminated all discriminatory qualifying tests for voter registrants and provided for the appointment of federal registrars. Kingmil Miceus is among those protesting in Nyack, New York. President Theodore Roosevelt supported regulation of big business and sometimes supported workers' rights against the interests of industry. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. first African American president, Michael Jackson dies. Many white Americansincluding presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and George Wallacecheered the police. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. Historically, Pan-Africanism has often taken the shape of a political or cultural movement. Others suggest that a different approach to news reporting one that emphasizes the ways people cooperate to solve problems would have a tonic effect. In New York City, anger has been directed at chain stores and the city's wealthier neighborhoods, a marked change from the riots of decades past. Learn more about the Emancipation Proclamation at brainly.com/question/27244875, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Corrections? Cattle in open-range herds got mixed together. A depression had begun in 1893 (following two others in the previous twenty years), forcing some plants to close and many workers into the ranks of the unemployed. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (Kansas), the court overturned the separate but equal ruling of the Plessy v. Ferguson case and outlawed segregation in the countrys public school systems. That meeting was followed by a second Pan-African Congress two years later, which convened in three sessions in London, Brussels, and Paris. Which of the following contributed most to the trend shown on the chart? During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. C) In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. In wartime Birmingham, Alabama, African Americans resisted second-class treatment on the citys buses, clashing with white drivers, passengers, and police. Additionally, 10% of those who see decline lay fault at the feet of the news media. The more education Americans have, and the greater their household income, the greater the likelihood they are high on the personal trust spectrum. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), formed in 1905, also included unskilled workers in its ranks. (African diaspora refers to the long-term historical process by which people of African descent have been scattered from their ancestral homelands to other parts of the world.) The protests grew out of decades of grassroots organizing against racial segregation and discrimination in employment, housing, transportation, and commerce, both in the North and the South. The declaration also challenged the rest of the world to either create conditions of equality in the places where people of African descent lived or recognize the rise of a great African state founded in Peace and Goodwill.. During and after World War II, African Americans actively protestedboth peacefully and violentlyagainst racism and police brutality. In the early 20th century, he was most prominent among the few scholars who studied Africa. Heres why each season begins twice. From the Lincoln Memorial, King addressed the throng of some 250,000 demonstrators gathered on the Mall. Some respondents make a connection between what they think is poor government performance especially gridlock in Washington and the toll it has taken on their fellow citizens hearts. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. America at Work, America at Leisure: Motion Pictures from 1894 to 1915, Mining Operations, Pennsylvania Coal Fields, Loading the Ice on Cars, Conveying It Across the Mountains and Loading It Into Boats, Assembling a Generator, Westinghouse Works, Assembling and Testing Turbines, Westinghouse Works, Coil Winding Machines, Westinghouse Works, Coil Winding Section E, Westinghouse Works, Girls Taking Time Checks, Westinghouse Works, Panorama of Machine Co. Aisle, Westinghouse Works, Panoramic View Aisle B, Westinghouse Works, Testing Large Turbines, Westinghouse Works, Westinghouse Air Brake Co. Westinghouse Co. Works (Casting Scene), Westinghouse Air Brake Co. Westinghouse Co. Works (Moulding Scene), Westinghouse Air Brake Co. Westinghouse Co. Works, Sorting Refuse at Incinerating Plant, New York City, Carriers Leaving Building, U.S.P.O. They couldnt graze their cattle on Native American reservations. The coalition uses protests, social media, and publicity to shine a bright light on police violence against African Americans. That was due in part to the leftist or communist sympathies of many Pan-Africanist advocates, as in the late 1940s and early 50s, the United States was in the midst of a Red Scare, when Americans with communist affiliations or sympathies were actively persecuted and prosecuted. Resistance to African American demands for the desegregation of Montgomerys buses was finally overcome when the Supreme Court ruled in November 1956 that the segregation of public transportation facilities was unconstitutional. During the 1960s the countrys predominantly African American inner cities were swept by outbreaks of violence. Instances such as this caused many to see the excesses of American business and the need for reform. Associate Professor, Department of History, Belmont University. On this scale, the share of whites who show high levels of trust (27%) is twice as high as the share of black (13%) and Hispanic adults (12%). These animals can sniff it out. They were unwilling to give up the minimal gains that had been made during the war. With its roots in the 1960s, Afrocentrism gained particular popularity in the United States during the 1980s. Despite their origins outside the United States, such Pan-Africanist thinkers drew many of their ideas from African American culture. And most believe that the interplay between the trust issues in the public and the interpersonal sphere has made it harder to solve some of the countrys problems. In the 1960s, almost all looting and burning happened in African American neighborhoods, targeting mostly white-owned local shops accused of overcharging black customers for inferior goods. For instance, high trusters often have significantly more positive views about their fellow Americans civic and political behaviors than do medium or low trusters. In Detroit, 43 people died, most of them shot by some 17,000 police, National Guard, and military troops sent to put down the rebellion. The hypocrisy of racism in a country that was fighting a world war for democracy fueled anger among many African Americans, unleashing one of the most intense periods of black political organizing and white opposition ever. Why might recent event have led to many african americans working for ranchers? In response to criticisms aimed at industry, some companies instituted "welfare capitalism," giving employees special benefits to secure loyalty and to prevent the creation of unions. In 1963 water cannons were fired on young African Americans during a protest against segregation, organized by Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. Newspapers serving African American communities, led by the Pittsburgh Courier, publicized racial discrimination and violence and launched the Double V campaign for victory against fascism abroad and against white supremacy at home. All US citizens, including women, African Americans, freed slaves, and immigrants, were eligible to apply to the federal government for a "homestead," or 160-acre plot of land. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. The most serious disturbances occurred in the Watts area of Los Angeles, California, in August 1965 and in Newark, New Jersey, and Detroit, Michigan, in July 1967. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. We cant yet wholly grasp the significance of demonstrators spraying graffiti that say both Black Lives Matter and Eat the Rich but amidst soaring unemployment and ongoing racial injustice, we might be seeing something that is both old and new. Learn more about the Emancipation Proclamation at brainly.com/question/27244875 #SPJ1 You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Farming was likely to be subject to periods of financial instability since profits relied on the unpredictability of crops and the marketplace. Updated on April 05, 2018. impeachment of Andrew Johnson in 1868, and the ratification of the The American Federation of Labor (AFL), for example, was created in 1886 for skilled craftsmen under the leadership of Samuel Gompers. Ranches turned cattle into big. In what was known as the Progressive Era, roughly from 1900 to World War I, reformers sought to improve the lot of the underprivileged of America by rectifying perceived wrongs. The first meeting designed to bring together peoples of African descent for the purpose of discussing Pan-Africanist ideas took place in London in 1900. Starting in 1919, three major waves of nationwide uprisings in the 20th century shed light on how the fight for racial equality has grown, how its changed, and what has stayed the same. Tasks tended to be divided for efficiency's sake which led to repetitive and monotonous work for employees. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. ),did protests(sit-ins,marches ect. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. How did the Adams-Onis Treaty impact American foreign policy? bIt gave people the right to own Bibles. The American Dream and African-American History There is a common expression: The American Dream. a) growth of a transportation network. This era also saw the development of department stores and retail jobs in urban areas. The march helped secure the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which forbade discrimination in voting, public accommodations, and employment and permitted the attorney general of the United States to deny federal funds to local agencies that practiced discrimination. Should the federal government pay reparations to African Americans who are the descendants of slaves? From the 1920s through the 1940s, among the most-prominent Black intellectuals who advocated Pan-Africanist ideas were C.L.R. Some also cite environmental issues, tax and budget matters, or political processes like voting rights and gerrymandering. America is still waiting for a politician capable of building an enduring national consensus whose central organizing concept is something other than racial fear. (They were not asked a follow-up question to explain their answer.). In more-general terms, Pan-Africanism is the sentiment that people of African descent have a great deal in common, a fact that deserves notice and even celebration. A series of films taken of the U.S. This research is part of the Centers ongoing focus on issues tied to trust, facts and democracy. Workers fought their often demeaning work conditions by uniting together into collective groups and unions. Crummel and Blyden, both contemporaries of Delany, thought that Africa was the best place for that new nation. African Americans and some willing whites went on Freedom Rides around the Deep South. The most-important figure of this period was Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, who believed that European colonial rule of Africa could be extinguished if Africans could unite politically and economically. These differences show up when it comes to their sense of the exploitative tendencies or fairness of others, as well as their assessment of the overall helpfulness or selfishness of others. It remains to be seen if the uprisings of 2020 will resolve the long-standing issues of racial injustice fought again and again on Americas streets, but when many races march together rather than face off, the arc of history may be bending toward justice again. The Birmingham authorities used dogs and fire hoses to quell civil rights demonstrators, and there were mass arrests. Social vs. medical egg freezing: Whats the difference? B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. The movement emphasizes African modes of thought and culture as a corrective to the long tradition of European cultural and intellectual domination. In the West, cities sprang up around the massive cattle trade. Although supporters of the countrys two main political parties hold similar levels of personal trust, Democrats and those who lean Democratic are more likely than Republicans and Republican leaners to express worry about the state of trust in America. The geography of violence and looting looks different in 2020 as well. The most important early Pan-Africanists were Martin Delany and Alexander Crummel, both African Americans, and Edward Blyden, a West Indian. In remarks at an anniversary event last month, Director Wray said African-Americans make up 11.3 percent of the FBI workforce, but only 4.6 percent of special agents. For Du Bois, the problem of the color line was not confined merely to the United States and its Negro Problem. (During those years, it was common for many in the United States to refer to the problem of African Americans social status as the Negro Problem.) Du Boiss famous statement was made with the clear knowledge that many Africans living on the African continent suffered under the yoke of European colonial rule. Disputes between labor and management were rife. Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content American reservations in London in 1900 contentious issue, because and. 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Those who see decline lay fault at the feet of the Depression and World War II the. Days before Thanksgiving the market has many unsold turkeys national consensus whose central organizing concept is something other than fear., many African Americans went west to work on railroads who advocated Pan-Africanist took... Big business and sometimes supported workers ' rights against the interests of industry Black power the! Came during the 1960s the countrys predominantly African American culture selling indulgences.Question 5 ( 4 points ) which of World!
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