A researcher uses this finding to conclude that Charles Tiebout's model of competition is superior to Paul Peterson's because higher levels of satisfaction mean local governments are producing better results in response to citizen movement. In deciding whether this law is constitutional, which of the following issues are the courts likely to consider most important? Four of the justices in this case dissented from the majority opinion, citing two reasons: first, that the white voters who brought the suit could not prove they had been injured in any way by the redistricting plan, and second, that the redistricting plan was an attempt to equalize treatment by providing minority voters with an effective voice in the political process, not an attempt to strip voting power from a particular group. Baker v. Carr (1962) was a landmark case concerning re-apportionment and redistricting. He argued that because there was only one, In 1995 the United States House of Representatives approved a bill that would make English the official language of the United States. What was an immediate consequence of these rulings? Thus the legislature of Tennessee Read More How do they differ in how they respond to this concern? Find a case that is related to the one you are studying that week, and write a response about how they are similar or different. Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the electoral districts of state legislative chambers must be roughly equal in population.Along with Baker v.Carr (1962) and Wesberry v.Sanders (1964), it was part of a series of Warren Court cases that applied the principle of "one . Each of the historians considered different points of view.Here is why.In the case of historian Charles Beard, he expressed in "An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States" (1913), that the framers of the US Constitution had economic interests as the priority when the document was drafted. The arduous decisional process in Baker is often blamed for Whittaker's subsequent health problems, which forced him to retire from the Court in 1962.[4]. Tennessee claimed that redistricting was a political question and could not be decided by the courts under the Constitution. The lower court held it was a political question and therefore non-justiciable, dismissing plaintiffs case. Future cases also invoked Bakers formulation of the political question doctrine, such as Nixon v. United States. Updates? apportionment cases; in 1946 in Colegrove v. Green the court said apportionment was a political thicket into which the judiciary should not intrude. The district in question in this case is long and snaking, following along a highway. They are under the management of different individuals. In so ruling, the Court also reformulated the political question doctrine. Baker's complaint was that Tennessee had not redistricted since 1901, in response to the 1900 census. In 1963, James P. Wesberry, In 1963, James P. Wesberry lived in a Georgia congressional district that had a population double than that of other congressional districts in the state. In your response, use substantive examples where appropriate. Wesberry sued the Georgia governor, arguing that because his district, the Fifth Congressional District, was two to three times larger than some of the other districts in the state, his voting rights were less protected than . They were so interested in protecting privacy rights and never compromise the economy of the people. The 14th amendment does not confer voting rights of any kind upon anyone. Source: After the General Assembly passed legislation creating the second district, a group of white voters in North Carolina, led by, A state creates a district made up of a majority of voters at similar income levels, A state creates a district made up of a majority of Democratic voters, A state creates a district made up of a majority of Asian voters, The Court ruled that claims of racial redistricting must be held to a standard of. What are the advantages and disadvantages of majority-minority districts? describe his error. Omissions? Along with Baker v. Carr (1962) and Reynolds v. Advertisement Why is student debt considered good debt? a and b b and c a and d b and d Each week, you might also want to create your OWN free response questions. Members of the first are elected from each state in proportion to that state's population; in the second, each state is represented by the same number of senators (in Australia, it is currently 12. There was terror in his voice, the same fear she'd heard in the dominican republic before they left. Their complaint is simply that the representatives are not sufficiently numerous or powerful. https://www.britannica.com/event/Baker-v-Carr, Cornell University Law School - Baker v. Carr. The cases of Baker v. Carr (1962) and Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) established that all electoral districts of state legislatures and the United States House of Representatives must be equal in size by population within state. The large majority in this case can in many ways be attributed to Justice Brennan, who convinced Potter Stewart that the case was a narrow ruling dealing only with the right to challenge the statute. The project required a certain degree of centralized planning and design. You will have 100 minutes to write your responses for all four of the questions. enforcing the Clean Air Act, which is the responsibility of both state authorities and the federal Environmental Protection Agency. redistricting, violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Baker v. Carr (1962) is the U.S. Supreme Court case that held that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a states drawing of electoral boundaries, i.e. establishment of a federal income tax after the adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment. Baker v. Carr, Wesberry v. Sanders, and Reynolds v. Sims, Re: Baker v. Carr, Wesberry v. Sanders, and Reynolds v. Sims, Quote from: A18 on August 04, 2005, 10:48:02 PM, Quote from: Emsworth on August 04, 2005, 10:57:21 PM, Quote from: Emsworth on August 05, 2005, 07:31:09 AM, Quote from: dougrhess on August 08, 2005, 04:30:49 PM, Topic: Baker v. Carr, Wesberry v. Sanders, and Reynolds v. Sims (Read 13427 times). And, also, they lost most of their territory due to the Treaty they signed with other countries. According to one archaeologist, it probably took 35-40 million fifty-pound bas-reliefs to erect the earthen ramparts. Answer: d. to inform readers of the reasons why the Grimms collected their tales. Which of the following is an example of a ballot initiative? Posted 5 years ago. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Traditionally, particularly in the South, the populations of rural areas had been overrepresented in legislatures in proportion to those of urban and suburban areas. Baker v. Carr, (1962), U.S. Supreme Court case that forced the Tennessee legislature to reapportion itself on the basis of population. Make a list of the 10 you consider most likely to happen. . Powers not specifically delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states. [2], This case overturned a previous ruling or rulings, Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama, List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 376, Congressional Districting United States Constitution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wesberry_v._Sanders&oldid=1092487520. Would fixing gerrymandering by using the shortest-split line method be a good idea. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Dominant clans ruled. In 1991, a group of white voters in North Carolina challenged the state's new congressional district map, which had two "majority-minority" districts. This decision, coupled with the "one person, one vote" opinions decided around the same time, had a massive impact on the makeup of the House of Representatives and on electoral politics in general. "Textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department;" as an example of this, Brennan cited issues of foreign affairs and executive war powers, arguing that cases involving such matters would be "political questions", "A lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving it;", "The impossibility of deciding without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion;", "The impossibility of a court's undertaking independent resolution without expressing lack of the respect due coordinate branches of government;", "An unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made;", "The potentiality of embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question. Two years later, the U.S. Supreme Court relied on. Brennan also talked down Justices Black and Douglas from their usual absolutist positions to achieve a compromise.[5]. The group claimed that the districts were racial gerrymanders that violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. It had good intentions to let a black person be a representative, but because it was drawn to separate people by race it was voted against. The United States Senate was unaffected by the decision since the Constitution explicitly grants each state two senators. they had been watched there; he was followed. Answer: Sanders, 376 U.S. 1 (1964), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that districts in the United States House of Representatives must be approximately equal in population. On August 18, 1590, John White discovered the unique whole word on Roanoke Island that is CROATOAN. Review the differences between identify, describe, and explain, in terms of key words that will be used in the question. Each week, focus on ONE Supreme Court case. Why were enslaved Africans brought to the Americas? 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