Most of the churches are big enough to house villagers fleeing from invaders - sheep flocks, cow herds and family dogs included. Hrman (German: Honigberg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church. Unterabteile des Websites kann man durch die Drop-Down-Liste Period: 2002 to 2005", "Southern Bukovina German villages 1940", Jan Erich Schulte, Michael Wildt (Hg. 'Hauptstuhl' means head/high seat and this one in particular was the most important administrative unit and centre of the Transylvanian Saxons throughout the passing of time, in cultural, religious, and political regards. In these regards, the Transylvanian Saxon cuisine can be regarded as quintessentially Central European. ersten Halter des Namens geben, gibt es, Some researchers think that surname meanings are of little value beyond the A small population of Saxons continues to live in Transylvania, now part . u. It spread to Italy during the Roman Empire and to England as early as the 1080s, being listed in the Doomsday Book compiled by William the Conqueror. This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. The most common names are Petru (11, 10.9%), Radu (8, 7.9%), and Stefan (8, 7.9%). However, more than 70,000 Germans from Romania were arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps in contemporary Ukraine for alleged cooperation with Nazi Germany. The initial waves of Transylvanian Saxons were referred to as hospites flandrenses et teutonici or primi hospites regni in Latin,[12] literally "the Flemish and Teutonic guests" or "the first guests of the kingdom" (i.e. Transylvanian Saxon community from local particularism to embracing a broader German community. Original file (SVG file, nominally 900 600 pixels, file size: 16 KB) File information. Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialects, they were collectively known as Saxons because of Germans working for the Hungarian chancellery. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . However, throughout the passing of time, demographically, their numbers gradually dwindled and had been subsequently assimilated in the local medieval Wallachian and Moldavian cultures by the overwhelming Romanian ethnic majority. Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA (inglise keeles) The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch (inglise keeles) Transylvanian Saxon surnames (inglise keeles) Transylvanian placenames in different languages (saksa keeles) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons (saksa keeles) The Saxons were a pious people, and the church, which acted as a safe house when under siege, was the centre-point of their communities. Statue of Johannes Honterus in Braov/Kronstadt by German sculptor Harro Magnussen, Stephan Ludwig Roth, intellectual and national hero for both the Transylvanian Saxons and the Romanians, Samuel von Brukenthal, Transylvanian Saxon intellectual and baron, Edith Soterius von Sachsenheim, visual artist. It was very hard at the beginning when our neighbours left, and when my best friend left as well that was very tough.. Join Geni to explore your genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. [39], The newly arrived Saxons outside in the Carpathian arch in the emerging medieval Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia brought urbanisation, craftsmanship, trade, and the so-called German law, under which the local administrations of medieval Romanian towns had operated in the beginning.[40]. 40% of the population of 1910), and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated. "sparks" for a smith), personal characteristics For example, one of the traditions held was the "Neighborhood" (German: Nachbarschaften) in which many households formed a small supporting community. The Saxons that settled in Transylvania have no relationship with the Anglo-Saxons, nor the Saxons found in the present German state of Saxony. . When people lived in small groups, they didn't need permanent surnames as we 50. [49] Another example of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is kipferl (Romanian: cornulee) which can be filled with vanilla, many types of fruit jams, but also with meat. In its early years, it included the territories of Hermannstadt, Leschkirch (Nocrich), and Gro-Schenk (Cincu), the areas that were colonized the earliest by ethnic Germans in the region. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. The legal foundation of their settlement in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Transylvania was officially stipulated within the Diploma Andreanum (German: Der Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbrger Sachsen, English: The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, Romanian: Carta de aur a sailor transilvneni) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary which allocated them the royal land (Romanian: Pmntul criesc or Pmntul regal) under local autonomy known as Knigsboden or Fundus Regius in Latin. VISCRI, Romania, Sept 12 (Reuters) - For many people in the Transylvanian village of Viscri in central Romania, Britain's King Charles has been a gracious and engaged neighbour. Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. Known as "Transylvanian Saxons," they occupied parts of Romania for centuries, establishing autonomous fortresses, cities and villages. The Transylvanian Saxon population has been steadily decreasing since World War II as they started leaving the territory of present-day Romania en masse during and after World War II, relocating initially to Austria, then predominantly to southern Germany (especially in Bavaria). . The Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania, were hit particularly hard. My great aunt lived here for more than 70 years, said Zakel, who bought the house last year from a family member. Familien-Namen (Fritz Keintzel-Schn), Editura Academiei Bucuresti Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). For decades, the main . Throughout Transylvania, many Saxon homes remain empty, dusty and strewn with decaying personal belongings. Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. sources for similar lists for other villages. Entire Site International, Foreign, Meanings The Sachsenheim Originally a house purchased by the Transylvanian Saxons Sick Benefits Society in 1907, the Sachsenheim underwent major renovations in 1910 and 1925. Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. . Heading into Saxon Transylvania is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe. It was estimated that there are approximately 300 such villages with fortified churches built by the Saxons in Transylvania during the Middle Ages.[31]. national costumes or Schsische Trachten). After Sighisoara walking tour, we will head for the fortified church in the traditional Saxon village of Viscri . In 2011, Peters changed his surname to Espenhorst. The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. The earliest religious organization of the Saxons was the Provostship of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu), founded 20 December 1191. Ages). Nevertheless, Transylvanian Saxon is very similar to Luxembourgish and sounds as a form of medieval German (e.g. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 533 pixels. In Den Fngen Der Gromchte Siebenbrgen Zwischen Brgerkrieg Und Reformation Die Geschichte Siebenbrgens By Wilhelm Andreas Baumgrtner Stanciu has a background in anthropology and cultural policy, but now specialises in a range of traditional crafts, while Herberth works as a carpenter and restorer and researches ancient craft techniques. List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. You can visit the site to browse and explore issues of the Cleveland Siebenbrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt, 1939-1954. German borrowing of Jnos. Transylvanian Saxon intellectual Stephan Ludwig Roth also pleaded for a strengthening of the German element in Transylvania during the 19th century by means of more waves of settlers stemming from contemporary Germany while at the same time firstly supporting the rights of the ethnic Romanians. Nachnamen sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren. Its 2018 U.S. Census population estimate is 34,215. the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons (or the people's church of the Saxons). fortified churches). Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. The rural settlements were more protected with a series of fortified churches known as 'kirchenburgen' in standard German. I came [to my grandparents house in Cincu] to clear my mind and it just felt right I felt this was home. Romanian Saxon villages might be tiny, but the churches are mighty. Many saw it as an escape from communist Romania, and willingly left. The surrounding area became known as the Nsnerland. Numerous Saxons have emigrated to Germany, especially after the fall of the Eastern Bloc in 1989 and are represented by the Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany. Although his actions were ultimately rescinded, many Saxons began to see themselves as being a small minority opposed by nationalist Romanians and Hungarians. Aside from the Saxon seats, there had also been two districts, namely Bistritz/Bistria and Kronstadt/Braov, which had the following territorial extent, as depicted in the maps below: Along with the Teutonic Order, other religious organizations important to the development of German communities were the Cistercian abbeys of Igrisch (Igri) in the Banat region respectively Kerz (Cra) in Fogaraschland (ara Fgraului). Dunesdorf - Grosslasseln - Halvelagen - Kreisch - Malmkrog - Peschendorf Fortification of the towns. Occupational, the second largest group of surnames, and nicknames are of mixed linguistic heritage, mainly Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, but with some Scandinavian influence as well. Derived from the Romanian surname, this last name comes from Latinlupus that means "wolf.". During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. Erkennungsnamen wurden, As communities got larger and people were more mobile or prestige-conscious, The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. The Transylvanian Saxons were badly stung by choices made in World War II, when Romania for most of the conflict fought on the side of the Nazis but then changed sides to join the Western Allies and Soviets from 1944. "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. The Saxons became known as industrious, skilled craftspeople and smallholder farmers with their own language and culture, and they thrived here for centuries. They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. After all, the Saxon villages in Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside. [9] Other smaller communities of Transylvanian Saxons can be found in South Africa and Australia as well as South America (for example in Argentina). For decades, the . Hence, taking in consideration the aforementioned regarding the Saxon title in high medieval Transylvania, the Transylvanian Saxons' ethnic consciousness subsequently solidified after the first waves of settlers from Western Europe arrived in Transylvania and was further reinforced or revitalised with new settlers from central and southern present-day Germany during the Modern Age, more specifically during the 19th century. Romania's significant German (Saxon) heritage is obvious in Southern Transylvania, home to hundreds of well-preserved Saxon towns and villages. The lowest figure indicates the approximate contemporary distribution mostly in Transylvania, central Romania, whereas the highest one applies worldwide. werden. Good luck in your hunt! Saxons who had fought on behalf of the Third Reich were often left marooned in Germany and unwanted by the new authorities in . . Alarmed by the knights' rapidly expanding power, in 1225 King Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Order from Transylvania permanently, which henceforth relocated to Prussia in 1226, although the colonists remained in Burzenland. I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars). Use the drop-down list to select a specific part of the site. Well known Transylvanian Saxon politicians and administrative leaders include Michael Wei (former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), Klaus Johannis (current President of Romania and former mayor of Sibiu/Hermannstadt), Iancu Sasul (i.e. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialectal varieties, they came to be collectively referred to as 'Saxons' because of Germans working for the royal Hungarian chancellery.[18][19]. ara Oltului in Romanian, after the German name for the Olt river, or the old land as in a word for word translation from German) or Hermannstadt Provinz, based around the picturesque well preserved medieval town of Hermannstadt, today's Sibiu. Between 1978 to 1989, under the cash-strapped communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceauescu, manySaxons were soldin a mutual government schemeto West Germany in exchange for cash. Bogdan. It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. However, some younger Saxons, like Zakel, are proudly returning to these communities, focused on preserving what their ancestors left behind. [17], The first wave of settlement continued well until the end of the 13th century. Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. Old High German or Middle High German). In comparative linguistics, Transylvanian Saxon is a West Central German dialect that is part of the Moselle Franconian branch. German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (in German) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. The road to Malancrav follows a snaking path with vistas stretching out across wildflower meadows of shepherds grazing their flocks in hilly pastures. und gebrauchten einen weiterern Erkennungsnamen nur wenn es ntig war. Transylvanian Saxons The saga of a civilization in 4 parts: colonization, splendor, decline and today's touristic heritage Underdeveloped country seeking investors - this was the slogan of Eastern Europe after the fall of Communism. Nowadays, organisations representing the Transylvanian Saxons exist in Romania, Germany, Austria, Canada, and the United States (in the latter case most notably 'Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons'). It has also come in contact with Romanian and Hungarian from which several words were derived. Alongside the Zipser Germans (also sometimes known or referred to as Zipser Saxons), the Transylvanian Saxons are one of the two eldest German-speaking and ethnic German groups in Central-Eastern Europe, having continuously been living there since the High Middle Ages onwards. The destination is usually supposed to have been Prignitz, Uckermark, and Pomerania, but a minor alternative theory suggests settlement in Transylvania.[24][25][26]. In the 18th and 19th centuries Sephardic and Orthodox communities emerged in the Banat and the . The process of emigration continued during communist rule in Romania. View of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita village, Romania. During the 5th century ce the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. Warfare between the Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the 16th18th centuries decreased the population of Transylvanian Saxons. work-related (occupation name or an allusion to a Glck in Rugeley Anglo-Saxon. Each person in a family might have a different descriptive identifier and those The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. We took our traditions from our parents and grandparents, she said. Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . Thu 1 Oct 2009 15.30 EDT. In February 1942 and May 1943, Germany concluded agreements with Hungary and Romania respectively, following which the Germans who were fit for military service, although they were either Hungarian citizens (in Northern Transylvania, entered the composition of the Hungarian state through the Second Vienna Award) or Romanian citizens (in Southern Transylvania, remaining part of Romania), could be incorporated into the regular German military units, into the Waffen-SS and into war-producing enterprises or into the Organisation Todt. These fortified churches, or kirchenburgen as they are known in standard German, had defensive capacities in the event of a foreign attack on a rural Transylvanian Saxon community (e.g. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. . Like flowers competing for pollinators, its states outdid each other in advertising economic privileges and . Nearly 200,000 Romanians have this surname. 3. After the Mongols retreated from Transylvania, in the event of another invasion, many Transylvanian towns were fortified with stone castles and an emphasis was put on developing towns economically. people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. The colonization of Transylvania by ethnic Germans later collectively known as Transylvanian Saxons began under the reign of King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). Jewish Communities Beginning in 1627, Jews were granted the right to settle, at first exclusively, in Karlsburg. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names, Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen Most Common Romanian Surnames The settlers clear the forest and build houses. The Transylvanian-Saxons or simply "Saxons," were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by the Hungarian king, Geza II. Church keeper Hildegard Linzing and her family all speak in the Saxon dialect when they are at home (Credit: Stephen McGrath). These surnames with matrilineal roots are common in the historical region of Moldova. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the . The first superintendent of the Saxons Evangelical Church, Paul Wiener, was elected by Saxon pastors at a synod on 6 February 1553.[28]. If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". First recorded as a surname in Staffordshire, England, but refers to a village in Normandy called Rugles. [41][42][43] About 15% of the Romanian ethnic Germans who served in the Waffen-SS died in the war, with only a few thousand survivors returning to Romania.[44]. Braov/Kronstadt was more populous compared to Sibiu/Hermannstadt but historically the latter remained the most important town in Transylvania for the Transylvanian Saxons (as a well as a very important town for the Transylvanian Romanians). Lots has changed [in our community], Linzing said. The Saxons made their mark. Das Siebenbrgenlied (i.e. Members of the Transylvania Saxon community are working to restore the regions traditional architecture (Credit: Stephen McGrath). This wave of settlement included exiled Protestants from Upper Austria (the Transylvanian Landlers namely), who were given land near Hermannstadt (Sibiu). He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . [36] In the case of the first settlement (i.e. The Transylvanian Saxons origin and nature will be . When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. Particularism to embracing a broader German community Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Ages. 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