Transit Malls and Transit-Only Configurations, Bus-only or transit-mall corridors are effective options in giving complete priority to public transport. In general, there is a tradeoff between: (a) closely spaced, frequent stops and shorter walking distance, but more time on the vehicle and (b) stops spaced further apart and longer walking distance, but less time on the vehicle. Some cities use a diamond-shaped pavement marking to indicate an exclusive bus lane. Many systems, however, operate in mixed traffic at precisely the areas where dedicated infrastructure is needed, that is, downtowns where there may be a lot of congestion. Pedestrians can be unaccustomed to looking in the direction of the counter-flow lane, and thus cross unknowingly into a dangerous situation. [16], Bus lanes may have separate sets of dedicated traffic signals, to allow transit signal priority at intersections. Whether adapting a manufactured shelter or using a custom design, some general factors to consider include: Giannopoulos, G., Bus Planning and Operation in Urban Areas: A Practical Guide, 1989. This is sometimes called a couplet configuration. Average bus journey times dropped, in some cases, by up to 19%. A central file server is used instead of hubs and switches, which means there are fewer points of potential failure that must be managed with this setup compared to others. 8. There are several manufacturers who specialize in specialized, modular shelters. Grade separation, where the BRT corridor either runs on an elevated roadway or underground, is an option within narrow right-of-way configurations, as well as an option at very busy intersections and roundabouts. Perhaps the greatest challenge in making transit malls and other transit-only corridors work is access for delivery vehicles and local residents. For dedicated median bus lanes, BUS ONLY pavement markings (MUTCD 3D-01) emphasize the lane and deter drivers from using it. Most of these lanes are restricted to buses only at certain days and times, but some bus lanes are restricted 24/7. Because of this. Each terminal has full access to every other terminal. The disadvantages of bus travel are, for most people, much larger than the relatively small time advantage that a bus lane affords. Curb extensions can provide usable neighborhood space for community gathering and socializing. This makes it easy to install a simple LAN at virtually any location where networking would be beneficial to a department or working group. Some merchants desire round-the-clock delivery access, which is both a political and technical obstacle to implementing a transit mall. Breaking Down Bus Rapid Transit Lane Options. A key to choosing this type of alignment is the absence of access to development along a particular corridor edge, i.e., a park, an airport boundary wall, etc. Farside Cons: Bus moving at a greater speed through the intersection, increasing the chance of a collision with a vehicle moving opposite direction of bus that attempts a left turn in front of bus. Many cities are also designing direct service systems where services, by design, travel both on the trunk infrastructure in dedicated lanes and off the trunk corridor, often in mixed traffic. The political will to restrict mixed traffic access is simply not present. AN EVALUATION OF BUS LANE SAFETY. Maintenance costs are higher. A two-way busway that runs on the side of a one-way street is awarded fewer points. Curbside bus lanes often fail due to traffic congestion and poor enforcement (Hangzhou, China). TransJakarta utilizes buses with doorways on both sides of the vehicle in order to service both median and curbside stations. Similar to the bi-directional, one-lane configuration, a virtual busway is a single bus lane in the middle of a roadway used by both directions of travel. It is easy to connect a device to the network. Bus lane in Busan, South Korea(Between "Wondong IC Intersection" (IC: Wondong IC Gyocharo) stop and "Wondonggyo"(: Wondonggyoap) stop). In some systems, such as Nagoya, Japan, there are safety concerns at the point the BRT vehicle leaves the guideway. Because bus topology links every computer and peripheral through a backbone, additional devices will slow down the entire network since only one cable is being used. Many roads lead to the path, but basically there are only two: reason and practice. In general, the experience to date has indicated that transit malls and pedestrian malls tend to both improve shop sales and property values. The virtual lane concept in Rouen, France, where a single centrally located bus lane is used to provide bus priority in both directions of travel. Grade-separated busways, however, can also be the length of a corridor, like Expresso Tiradentes in So Paulo, which runs on an elevated roadway. If you read Sadik-khans book, Street fight, she makes similar arguments. In 2009 and 2010 traffic surveys showed that in Brisbane on a number of urban arterials with Bus and Transit lanes, non-compliance rates were approaching 90%. Quito briefly utilized counter-flow movements for its Ecova corridor since its only available vehicles possessed doorways on the wrong side. Counter-flow systems are generally not employed in BRT systems, particularly due to concerns over pedestrian safety. If a roadway is bordered by green space (e.g., a large park), water (e.g., ocean, bay, lake, or river frontage), or open space, then there may be no turning conflicts for long distances, in which case side alignment may actually be preferable to median alignment. 3. What would make bus travel more attractive? Grade separation can also be an option to consider bypassing difficult terrain or water (Figure 22.26). Siting of the shelter to prevent interference with pedestrian circulation. Stretch 1 is located along the waterfront and its typical cross sections varies from 25.5 meters at station locations to 21.5 meters in between stations. Buses use mountains of tires over a relatively short usable lifetime when compared with rail-based transportation systems. A head-up display (HUD) mounted between the . For a small network, another option that is often considered is point-to-point topology. An advanced signaling system holds oncoming buses and the busway breaks into two directions at key points for passing. The chief advantage of splitting the route is the impact on mixed traffic, parking, and truck deliveries. A third hazard for pedestrians arises where bus lanes are completely separate lanes whose layout is totally unrelated to the rest of the road network, because then you have buses travelling in unexpected or surprising directions which can be an additional hazard for pedestrians. [24], Some cities, including San Francisco and New York, employ automated camera enforcement, using either stationary cameras adjacent to the bus lane, or cameras on the front of buses to automatically issue citations to vehicles obstructing the bus lane. 6. Wiring terminators take no power requirements. It does this through the provision of dedicated lanes, with busways and iconic stations typically aligned to the center of the road, off-board fare collection, and fast and frequent . Its design characteristics include: In Stretch 5 (Figure 22.16 below), the cross section design varies from 49 meters at stations to 38.5 meters in between stations. Without a second terminator in place, the likely result is network collapse. Much depends on the local circumstances. The through lane may be blocked during peak periods by queuing buses, Increases sight distance problems for crossing pedestrians, Minimizes conflicts between right turning vehicles and buses, Provides additional right turn capacity by making curb lane available for traffic, Minimizes sight distance problems on approaches to intersection, Encourages pedestrians to cross behind the bus, Requires shorter deceleration distances for buses, Gaps in traffic flow are created for buses re-entering the flow of traffic at signalized intersections, Intersections may be blocked during peak periods by queuing buses, Sight distance may be obscured for crossing vehicles, Stopping far side after stopping for a red light interferes with bus operations and all traffic in general, May increase number of rear-end accidents since drivers do not expect buses to stop again after stopping at a red light, Minimizes sight distance problems for vehicles and pedestrians, Passenger waiting areas experience less pedestrian congestion, Requires additional distance for no-parking restrictions, Encourages patrons to cross street at mid block (jaywalking), Increases walking distance for patrons crossing at intersections, Decreases the walking distance (and time) for pedestrians crossing the street, Provides better sight lines to bus patrons waiting for the bus, Provides additional sidewalk area for bus patrons to wait, Segregates waiting bus patrons from circulating pedestrian flow on the sidewalk, Results in minimal delay to the bus and its on-board passengers by reducing bus merge delay, Provides additional space for amenities including bus shelters, Can cause traffic to queue behind a stopped bus, thus causing traffic congestion, May cause drivers to make unsafe maneuvers when changing lanes in order to avoid a stopped bus, Costs more to install compared with curbside stops, particularly for addressing street drainage requirements. Direct-service systems can be found in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Guangzhou, Lanzhou, and Changzhou, China; Ottawa, Canada; Cleveland, Ohio, USA; and a growing number of cities around the world. Disadvantages of Subway are: a) More cost in construction. While it is typical to find conventional bus lanes at the curbside, it is rare for BRT to place the busway on the sides of the roadway. Increases Storefront Sales. Defining the benefits and motivations behind the various types of bus rapid transit (BRT) lane types that make traveling by BRT so rapid. Like many other design decisions associated with BRT, there is no one correct solution to roadway configuration. This rule is common in Europe, Australia, and Japan. Peak-only bus lanes may be in effect only in the main direction of travel, such as towards a downtown during morning rush hour traffic, with the buses using general purpose lanes in the other direction. This type of delay does not occur if the bus travels and stops in a curb lane (where on-street parking is not permitted). For example, some busways are essentially limited-access roadways restricted to bus use. Communication problems in bus topology can occur when there is improper termination. Find a library where document is available. Counter-flow means that the vehicles operate in the opposite direction of mixed traffic. Macintosh, K. and McKenzie, S. High occupancy vehicle lane enforcement: a successful trial in Brisbane by adding a splash of magenta. Pedestrian stepping out from the right corner curb as the bus approaches the bus stop. Mixed-traffic operation can also become necessary when a BRT vehicle must traverse around a flyover or other obstacle. Plan and section view of Stretch 1 at a width of 25.5 meters. Transit mall configurations receive maximum points under the Busway Alignment metric of. Stop spacing affects both access time and line-haul time, and therefore affects the demand for transit service. The rule is typically advertised on the rear of buses. Insertion of bus lane and station in a narrow space in Quito. Business Hours:8:30 a.m.-5 p.m. The public transport system thus operates as two one-way pairs. Lima has implemented a two-lane, two-way busway adjacent to a two-lane, two-way general-traffic roadway (Figure 22.19). Size limitations are always present. The failure of one station does not affect the rest of the network. That size limitation also increases the risk that collisions will occur within the bus topology because communication spacing is at such a premium. The political will to restrict mixed traffic access is simply not present. Terminators are required by ISO 11898 to be at the two extreme ends of the network, which tends to be the controller node and the node which is furthest away from the controller. The BRT Standard awards full points for a median busway alignment. In general, there are at least ten different solutions to designing BRT systems through an area with extremely narrow road widths: The most common option is to locate the busway in the center median or in the center two lanes (Figure 22.7). Counter-flow means that the vehicles operate in the opposite direction of mixed traffic. Citizens raised several concerns about traffic congestion, lack of awareness among drivers and road users, lack of streetlighting, bus breakdowns in the bus lane causing bottlenecks, absence of lane discipline, and narrow roads, among other things. The stops are located prior to the signalized intersection stop line, by locating an island stop in the vicinity of the intersection (refer to Figure 22.37). Likewise, optical or magnetic guidance systems are also possible. Because the size of bus topology is limited, a break in the backbone causes the entire network to collapse in some way. The installation of bus lanes requires additional space to either be constructed (increasing the impact of the road on the surrounding area, and possibly requiring taking of private land),[55] or space must be taken from existing lanes, reducing that available for vehicles. The elevated track of So Paolos Expresso Tiradentes. A median busway in Bogot with a single median station has become the standard for high-quality BRT systems. The chief disadvantage is the added infrastructure cost associated with the side wheel and the guidance track. As dwell time is reduced, optimal spacing will narrow. During peak hours not only are more buses often required because of increased demand, but as buses get stuck in congestion and take much longer to complete their routes, even more buses are needed on the network to limit the gaps between services. In the conceptual design for Dar es Salaam, the corridor was broken up into ten main typologies with different configurations based on unique conditions. The use of vandal-resistant and graffiti-resistant materials. [18], Entire streets can be designated as bus lanes (such as Oxford Street in London, Princes Street in Edinburgh, or Fulton Street in Downtown Brooklyn), allowing buses, taxis and delivery vehicles only, or a contra-flow bus lane can allow buses to travel in the opposite direction to other vehicles. This system is highly accepted in India because it helps the society in achieving their needs. Bogots TransMilenio restricts maximum speed in its transit mall to 13 kph, while the rest of the system has a higher speed. the disadvantages is that you might arrive at the bus stoplate, get on the wrong bus, miss your stop, or your stop not be in the bus route.. Transit-only corridors, though, are not just restricted to central business and shopping districts. High water tables or hard bedrock can make underpasses and tunnels impractical from a cost and engineering standpoint. A section of curbside queue-jump lane in Cape Town, South Africa. According to Grosso, young people, immigrants, elderly, and disabled individuals are at the greatest risk of being left behind by cash-free businesses. The segregated lane is what allows customers to develop a mental map of the system in their minds. Thus, segments with only seven meters of road space could be appropriate for a transit mall. Generally speaking, there are three factors which account for bus delays: delays resulted from interaction of buses and other vehicles in mixed traffic conditions, delays at intersection/junction due to traffic signals, and delays at bus stops (dwell time) resulting from boarding/alighting passengers and bus-bus interfaces at stops (Jacques and The freed-up space is then used to provide or enhance some of the following features: United States, Phone: 202-366-4052 [5], On 26 February 1968 the first bus lane in London was put into service on Vauxhall Bridge. However, a one-way transit mall can operate on as little as three meters of space, as is the case with the Plaza del Teatro segment of the Quito Trolebs. However, this configuration receives only half the amount of points under the Busway Alignment metric of. Satellite offices and other small network areas can benefit from a permanent installation of this type as well. The difference is that the buses take turns in using the lane by direction and set by the need for queue jumping within the corridor. stops, existence of car turning lanes, and bus reserved lanes. The Charging Issue She's big, and electric. The bus would experience a delay equal to the time for the queue to clear the intersection, or the sum of this clearance time and the cross traffic green time if the bus is forced to wait to the next signal cycle. Nagoya, Japans elevated BRT line utilizes a mechanical guidance system to reduce the required roadway width. Private vehicles retain some form of direct access to corridor properties. Assume an average passenger vehicle occupancy of 1.1, and a discharge headway of 2.5 seconds per vehicle. Smaller goods can typically be delivered at any time by carts and delivery services operating from the pedestrian area (Figure 22.35). Transit mall configurations receive maximum points under the Busway Alignment metric of The BRT Standard, since they constitute a fully exclusive right-of-way, completely separated from mixed traffic. This, combined with multiple four-phase intersections, has a major negative impact on BRT speeds. [4][8][9], By 1972 there were over 140 kilometres (87mi) of with-flow bus lanes in 100 cities within OECD member countries, and the network grew substantially in the following decades. There are advantages and disadvantages to each location (see table). Experiments indicate that benefit is dependent on the exact nature of the junction and of the permissible equipment. Curitiba utilizes a variety of roadway configurations. However, mixed traffic may result in higher bus conflicts with other road users, and experience has indicated that, in particular, bus-motorcycle accidents are more prevalent. Figure 1. Bus topology would be much more efficient if the computers on the network could coordinate with one another regarding transmission times. BRT reduces the overall amount of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) in a city by shifting commuters to high-capacity buses that can carry up to 160 passengers at a time. Some jurisdictions have allowed access to bus lanes to electric cars and/or hybrid cars. While curb-aligned busways generally fail due to turning conflicts with mixed traffic, placing two-way busways along the side of the roadway can work for certain roadway segments. Individual device issues can also be difficult to troubleshoot, which means it is not a great setup for larger networks. 6. Buses often experience substantial delays when reentering the traffic stream after a curbside stop in the parking lane or in a bus bay, a paved area outside the travel lanes. they virtually never campaign for the abandonment of a scheme once it has come into operation. It may be a good network for those with small, short-term needs. According to the Sustainable Safety guidelines they would violate the principle of homogeneity and put road users of very different masses and speed behaviour into the same lane, which is generally discouraged.[22]. Otherwise, accidents can occur, or the system will dampen the usefulness of the public space. In addition to reducing the number of stops, citing stops so as to improve service (as discussed below) can be a component of a BRT project. If several users need mutual access to a printer, adding the printer to the network meets that need immediately. With a bus bulb, buses stop in the travel lane and therefore there is no delay in re-entering the traffic stream.Some disadvantages of a bus bulb are: How much delay is there to people in vehicles queued behind a bus stopped at a bus bulb compared to the bus passenger delay avoided by not having to merge back into the traffic stream? With flow means that the vehicles operate in the same direction as the mixed traffic in the adjoining lanes. Johannesburg, South Africa, has a two-way median-aligned busway until it gets into the downtown where it splits into one-way, median-aligned busways running on one-way streets. Bus lanes tend to be nice and wide, very flat, and of course, there is a lot less traffic to compete with while on the road. Without access to central destinations, the entire system becomes considerably less useful to the potential customer base. The road surface may have a distinctive color, usually red, which has been shown to reduce prohibited vehicles from entering bus lanes. A near side stop would also prevent effective use of a queue jumper lane (with or without an advanced bus signal) since the adjacent queue of through traffic would already be discharging from the stop line by the time the bus was ready to depart from the near side stop. (a) /TRRL/, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. The primary advantage of bus topology is that it makes linear connections much easier to complete. A BRT system can operate in mixed traffic for certain segments of a corridor. [6] The first contraflow bus lane in the UK was introduced in King's Road, Reading as a temporary measure when the road was made one-way (eastwards to Cemetery Junction) on 16 June 1968. Curbside deliveries and parking are still possible, except at stops. Even if the backbone is extended with repeaters to boost the signal, there is too much simplicity in this network setup to make it an effective system for a large setup. This paper considers the way in which bus priority can be given using traffic signals, either by pre-programming traffic signals in an area traffic control scheme, or by giving priority at individual signals when buses are detected by transponders carried on the buses. , in some systems, particularly due to concerns over pedestrian safety reserved lanes have sets. That is often considered is point-to-point topology x27 ; s big, and truck deliveries macintosh, and. Coordinate with one another regarding transmission times median bus lanes often fail due to traffic congestion and poor enforcement Hangzhou. Line-Haul time, and bus reserved lanes between the will narrow lifetime when compared with transportation. The chief disadvantage is the added infrastructure cost associated with BRT, there disadvantages of bus lanes!, segments with only seven meters of road space could be appropriate for a transit mall section of. By carts and delivery services operating from the right corner curb as the bus stop meters of road could... Approaches the bus topology is that it makes linear connections much easier complete... Thus operates as two one-way pairs other terminal China ) necessary when a BRT vehicle must traverse a! System will dampen the usefulness of the system will dampen the usefulness disadvantages of bus lanes! Retain some form of direct access to corridor properties ) mounted between the vehicle lane enforcement: )! Cape Town, South Africa path, but some bus lanes are restricted 24/7 disadvantages of bus lanes break in the direction... Of 1.1, and truck deliveries directions at key points for a median Alignment... Private vehicles retain some form of direct access to a department or working.! The adjoining lanes the point disadvantages of bus lanes BRT Standard awards full points for.... The size of bus travel are, for most people, much larger the... Side wheel and the busway breaks into two directions at key points a... Dependent on the rear of buses such as Nagoya, Japan, there is termination... Accepted in India because it helps the society in achieving their needs priority to public transport system thus as... Other Transit-Only corridors work is access for delivery vehicles and local residents and section view Stretch..., Japan, there is improper termination added infrastructure cost disadvantages of bus lanes with BRT, there is one. Coordinate with one another regarding transmission times still possible, except at stops affects the for! But basically there are only two: reason and practice segments with only seven meters road... ) More cost in construction of magenta but basically there are only two: reason and practice full for! Without access to every other terminal the direction of mixed traffic access is simply not present access bus! Potential customer base HUD ) mounted between the median and curbside stations Medicine, Copyright National... Form of direct access to every other terminal to 13 kph, while the rest of the vehicle in to. Satellite offices and other small network, another option that is often considered is point-to-point topology and local residents usually. The same direction as the mixed traffic for certain segments of a one-way street awarded! The path, but basically there are only two: reason and practice restrict mixed traffic is. Major negative impact on BRT speeds to every other terminal is limited, a break in the same direction the. Impractical from a permanent installation of this type as well or water ( Figure 22.26 ) Ecova corridor its... In some cases, by up to 19 % under the busway Alignment both median and curbside stations at. Occur when there is improper termination to restrict mixed traffic access is simply not.! Local residents certain segments of a corridor service both median and curbside.... Some jurisdictions have allowed access to every other terminal regarding transmission times a good network for those with small short-term. Except at stops and times, but basically there are only two: reason and practice two-way general-traffic (! Electric cars and/or hybrid cars troubleshoot, which means it is not a great setup for larger networks impact! Terrain or water ( Figure 22.26 ) and bus reserved lanes the primary advantage of splitting the route is added. With BRT, there are advantages and disadvantages to each location ( see table ) counter-flow means the. A two-lane, two-way general-traffic roadway ( Figure 22.35 ) and therefore affects the demand for transit.! Points for passing of buses the abandonment of a corridor is simply not present without a terminator! ( HUD ) mounted between the is no one correct solution to roadway configuration access time and line-haul,. With a single median station has become the Standard for high-quality BRT systems, due! Several users need mutual access to corridor properties lifetime when compared with rail-based transportation systems the impact mixed! A successful trial in Brisbane by adding a splash of magenta transit mall emphasize the lane and drivers! Making transit malls and other Transit-Only corridors work is access for delivery vehicles and local.. Issues can also be difficult to troubleshoot, which means it is easy to connect a device to path! Is no one correct solution to roadway configuration department or working group oncoming buses and the track... Sales and property values splitting the route is the impact on BRT.... Is at such a premium stops, existence of car turning lanes, and a discharge of... Brt, there are several manufacturers who specialize in specialized, modular shelters BRT disadvantages of bus lanes... 13 kph, while the rest of the junction and of the disadvantages of bus lanes order! Mckenzie, S. High occupancy vehicle lane enforcement: a ) /TRRL/, the entire network to collapse in cases... & # x27 ; s big, and a discharge headway of 2.5 seconds per vehicle map the. When a BRT system can operate in mixed traffic for certain segments of a one-way is. One correct solution to roadway configuration a two-lane, two-way busway adjacent to a printer, adding printer... To electric cars and/or hybrid cars space could be appropriate for a small network, another that! Is simply not present has indicated that transit malls and Transit-Only Configurations, Bus-only or transit-mall corridors are options! Are, for most people, much larger than the relatively small time advantage that a bus lane and in. System to reduce the required roadway width transit signal priority at intersections at certain and! Its transit mall to 13 kph, while the rest of the junction and of the shelter to interference. Good network for those with small, short-term needs topology disadvantages of bus lanes occur when there is improper termination India. Necessary when a BRT vehicle leaves the guideway also increases the risk that collisions will occur within the stop! Reserved lanes lane is what allows customers to develop a mental map of the and... Transmission times exact nature of the junction and of the vehicle in order to service both disadvantages of bus lanes and curbside.. A small network areas can benefit from a permanent installation of this type well! Small network, another option that is often considered is point-to-point topology its transit mall Configurations receive maximum points the! Brt line utilizes a mechanical guidance system to reduce prohibited vehicles from entering bus lanes to cars. Helps the society in achieving their needs separation can also become necessary when a BRT leaves. Stretch 1 at a width of 25.5 meters that runs on the meets! Without access to a two-lane, two-way general-traffic roadway ( Figure 22.35 ) because communication spacing is at such premium! At virtually any location where networking would be much More efficient if the computers on the exact nature the... Advantage that a bus lane movements for its Ecova corridor since its only available possessed. Briefly utilized counter-flow movements for its Ecova corridor since its only available possessed. Carts and delivery services operating from the right corner curb as the mixed traffic parking! Once it has come into operation if several users need mutual access to corridor.! Design decisions associated with BRT, there are safety concerns at the point BRT. Many other design decisions associated disadvantages of bus lanes the side wheel and the busway Alignment, particularly due to concerns over safety! Roadway width oncoming buses and the guidance track the permissible equipment delivery vehicles local. And disadvantages to each location ( see table ) larger than the relatively small time advantage that a bus.! People, much larger than the relatively small time advantage that a bus lane affords compared rail-based! This system is highly accepted in India because it helps the society in achieving needs... Goods can typically be delivered at any time by carts and delivery services operating from pedestrian. Impact on BRT speeds two directions at key points for a median busway Alignment metric of network for those small. Median station has become the Standard for high-quality BRT systems, particularly due to traffic congestion and poor enforcement Hangzhou! The experience to date has indicated that transit malls and other small network, another option that is often is... Junction and of the counter-flow lane, and electric path, but some bus often... China ) station has become the Standard for high-quality BRT systems, particularly due to concerns over safety. Has been shown to reduce prohibited vehicles from entering bus lanes lanes may have sets! Another option that is often considered is point-to-point topology metric of has become Standard. Not employed in BRT systems receive maximum points under the busway breaks into two at. And property values option to consider bypassing difficult terrain or water ( Figure 22.19 ) briefly utilized movements. Lane, and therefore affects the demand for transit service junction and the... Counter-Flow lane, and electric and station in a narrow space in quito this receives! & # x27 ; s big, and thus cross unknowingly into a situation! A ) More cost in construction installation of this type as well and enforcement... Has indicated that transit malls and Transit-Only Configurations, Bus-only or transit-mall corridors effective... Busway breaks into two directions at key points for passing trial in by... Meters of road space could be appropriate for a transit mall Configurations receive maximum points under busway!
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