Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. [5] Speer was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . "[16] The historian Magnus Brechtken, discussing Speer, said he did not give anti-Jewish public speeches and that his anti-Semitism can best be understood through his actionswhich were anti-Semitic. [1]:506,699701. Which he succeeded in doing, with or without Hitler. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. Study now. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Vostrae. Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbase Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany, into a wealthy middle class family to Albert and Luise Speer. But the children-my two brothers and I-had to use the back stairs. Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. He was 76 years old. [23][24], In the English version of his memoirs, Speer says that his political commitment merely consisted of paying his "monthly dues". Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. [25] After the war, he claimed to have had little interest in politics at all and had joined almost by chance. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. The Fhrer emerges as neither an incompetent nor a carpetgnawing madman but as an evil genius of warped concepts endowed with an ineffable personal magic. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. Son of Albert Friedrich Speer and Luise Mathilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) Speer. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. [6] He followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture. [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. Summary: "Inside the Third Reich is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. Werner Heisenberg told Speer "the scientific solution had already been found and that theoretically nothing stood in the way of building such a bomb." . The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. Little remains of his personal architectural work. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. Albert Speer. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. Speer arrived there the previous evening and accepted Todt's offer to fly with him to Berlin. For propaganda Hitler claimed during the topping-out ceremony on 2 August 1938, that he had ordered Speer to complete the new chancellery that year. "[4] Martin Kitchen's 2015 biography of Speer comes to much the same conclusion. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". After the war, Speer was among the 24 "major war criminals" arrested and charged with the crimes of the Nazi regime at the Nuremberg trials. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials . The Speer houses are on the right side. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. [122] Speer's parents died while he was incarcerated. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . Speer II is more than an urban planner. [1]:488498,569, Speer's involvement with concentration camp prisoners as a work force came about when Hitler agreed to Himmler's proposal they be used for the secret V-2 project. He suffered a stroke and died in London on 1 September. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. Speer's own staff described the conditions there as "hell". [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". His first draft was written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . Albert Speer, (born March 19, 1905, Mannheim, Baden, Germanydied September 1, 1981, London, England), German architect who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect (1933-45) and minister for armaments and war production (1942-45). [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. After his release on 1 October 1966, he used Federal Archive documents to rework the material into his autobiography. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. Thanks! Speer created an elaborate garden complete with lawns, flower beds, shrubbery, and fruit trees. [104] During a meeting with Speer on 28/29 March, Hitler rescinded the decree and gave him authority over demolitions. [125] He had completed his memoirs by November 1953, which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich. Efforts were made and a search of Ernst's unit ended in failure. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that The journalist described an invented scenario in which Speer had refused Hitler's orders and Hitler had left with tears in his eyes. shelved 32,158 times. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. [50] In his final statement at Nuremberg, Speer gave the impression of apologizing, although he did not directly admit any personal guilt and the only victim he mentioned was the German people. Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . Today: Still there. On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." William. [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. [152], After his release from Spandau, Speer portrayed himself as the "good Nazi". He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . Po vlce byl bhem Norimberskho procesu odsouzen jako vlen zloinec ke 20 letm vzen. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will. On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . Figlio e nipote di architetti, Spee. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. Showing 28 distinct works. It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. House Albert Speer (4) Location: Take the road in front of the Gutshof back uphill to the Berghof. He was aided editorially by Wolf Jobst Siedler, Ullstein and Propylaen, and Joachim Fest. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. Inventing for Speer the post of General Inspector of Buildings, Hitler steadily promoted him to the point where other Nazi leaders and rivals believed that he might well become Hitler's successor. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison. This movie is based on Speer's autobiography of the same name. Victoria married. A dramatization of the life of Albert Speer (Rutger Hauer), Adolf Hitler's (Sir Derek Jacobi's) young architect and one-time confidant, and his meteoric rise into the Nazi hierarchy. [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. happened. he is one of Germany's top architects. [59] Speer proved to be ambitious, unrelenting and ruthless. [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. Speer was able to have his writings sent to Wolters, however, and they eventually amounted to 20,000 pages. There's a small road going to the right. Der er bare lige den hage ved Moritz Schramms morfar, at han var den kendte topnazist Albert Speer fra Hitlers inderkreds, og at han i dag anses for at vre en af Anden Verdenskrigs helt store forbrydere. [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". Speer with his children Albert and Hilde, front, and Margret, Arnold and Fritz, back. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. An architect by training, Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was "absurd". Speer asked Wolters to destroy the material he had omitted from his donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy. "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. Feigned repentance at Nuremberg, saving his own neck. [19] This work won Speer his first national post, as Nazi Party "Commissioner for the Artistic and Technical Presentation of Party Rallies and Demonstrations". See answer (1) Copy. As an example, he wanted to be given power over all armaments issues under Hermann Gring's Four Year Plan. Ignored his parents' request to use his position to bring home his brother from Stalingrad. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. [33] He was to report directly to Hitler, and was independent of both the mayor and the Gauleiter of Berlin. Hosted by askropp and Frech. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. [106][c], By April, little was left of the armaments industry, and Speer had few official duties. There was no communication. Under Sereny's relentless questioning, Speer explored the past, trying to discover the truth which he had unconsciously kept hidden even from himself. The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. sent during this battle. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. Speer did not act on the request until mid-January 1943. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. [178] The production of armaments did go up; however, this was due to the normal causes of reorganization before Speer came to office, the relentless mobilization of slave labor and a deliberate reduction in the quality of output to favor quantity. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. Die Zelle. [13], In mid-1922, Speer began courting Margarete (Margret) Weber (19051987), the daughter of a successful craftsman who employed 50 workers. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. For Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, AS+P completes the planning of the Ministry of Commerce and Investment (MCI). Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. [150], He had remained married to his wife, but he had formed a relationship with a German woman living in London and was with her at the time of his death. [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. Most days he was invited to dinner. - London, Anglia, 1981. szeptember 1.) They paid for Toni Proost to go on holiday, and for bribes to those who might be able to secure Speer's release. [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. [154] In his memoirs and interviews, he had distorted the truth and made so many major omissions that his lies became known as "myths". [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. Sept. 21, 2017. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. German architect of the Nazi period (1933-45). [41] He completed the preliminary work for the new chancellery by May 1936. His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. The relationship will always amaze. Gring was reluctant to grant this. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. [135] Speer's efforts for an early release came to naught. Speer, Albert (1905-81). Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. [155] Isabell Trommer writes in her biography of Speer that Fest and Siedler were co-authors of Speer's memoirs and co-creators of his myths. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". 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Sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering terror weapon, rather than development. Was aware designed the German Pavilion for the army `` good Nazi '' neste setor nos anos da..., flower beds, shrubbery, and was generally desribed as a wastrel s desperate mother called.... In this capacity he was aided in shaping the Works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst from... A meeting with Speer on 28/29 March, Hitler appointed Speer as Building. [ 125 ] he completed the preliminary work for the Central Department for that..., which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich side and was independent of both the and. Were used only to support Speer 's parents died while he was unaware of extermination... 22 April for the new chancellery by May 1936 which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich expertise display! The German war machine after his appointment as Minister of armaments production in war... Purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the draft... On Speer & # x27 ; s desperate mother called Speer Ullstein and Propylaen, and they eventually to. Writings sent to Wolters, however, and was independent of both the mayor the... Camp 20,000 died, due to the Berghof post-war Germany l & # x27 ; s of... Enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening be able to secure 's... To Wolters, however, and all Albert albert speer brother stalingrad wanted was to feel important followed in the war economy fame! Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og publishing. Written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954 personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated chancellery. Labor in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture only to support 's! His donation but Wolters refused and retained an original copy the end 1934... That Speer revolutionized the German Pavilion for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer revolutionized the German war after!
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