This database provides human health benchmarks for pesticides that may be present in drinking water. Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Chemical Search. Cyanazine is moderately toxic to most fauna and flora. Overall, cyanazine is the most toxic triazine herbicide, and may be the most toxic of all herbicides found in drinking water. Teratogenic effects: Cyanazine can cause a variety of birth defects in animals over a wide range of doses. In addition, estimates of exposure and confounding factors were made on the community rather than individual level. The frequency of detection for cyanazine or one or more of its degradates (CYTOT) was more than 12-fold over that of cyanazine alone (39.1% for CYTOT versus 3.1% for cyanazine). Cancer Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD) Substance Name Cyanazine CASRN 21725-46-2 Primary Synonym Bladex The Oral RfD for cyanazine has been withdrawn on 07/01/1992 as a result of further review. Cyanazine did not have an effect on the viability at any of the doses tested, and the cells were functional, even up to 48 h of exposure. This neurotoxicity can lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic . Metabolism [ edit] The metabolism pathways of cyanazine have been describe for different animal and plant species. " Cyanazine is used as a pre- and postemergence herbicide for the control of annual grasses and broad leaf weeds (U.S. EPA, 1984a). 1992 Apr;281(4):295-8. doi: 10.1016/0165-7992(92)90024-c. Atrazine is applied pre- and post-emergence to agricultural land for crops such as corn and sorghum. Different studies showed that in animal models ( rats, dogs & cows) the cyanazine is quickly absorbed in the intestines. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. We have now examined the cytotoxicity of more environmentally relevant concentrations of four herbicides, acetochlor, atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine, and two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and resmethrin, in three human breast cell lines. Cyanazine readily leaches from soil. It is a teratogen (causes birth defects) and a mutagen (causes genetic mutations) as well as a carcinogen. FOIA. Chemistry Dashboard. Consequently, it is useful to compare . As it moves through soil . Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. Based on epidemiological evidence, several studies have found an association between human. . Resources Consulted During Review: mixed. Environmental substances appear to be involved in various human diseases, including breast cancer (1, 2). These data indicate that both atrazine and simazine inhibit the cellular synthesis of DA mediated by the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and NE mediated by dopamine -hydroxylase (DH), and, as a result, there . The herbicide cyanazine is a synthetic s -triazine (along with atrazine and simazine) that has been widely used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in agricultural crops. Cyanazine is essentially atrazine with cyanide attached to it. Properties (U.S. EPA, 1984a; Meister, 19831 CHEMLAB, 1985) Chemical Formula C9 H 13ClN6 Molecular Weight 240.7 Physical State (25C) White crystalline solid Effects of long-term or repeated exposure Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes malformations in human babies. National Institutes of Health. It is applied as a preemergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds in corn, sorghum, cotton, barley, wheat, oil rape seed, sugar cane, and potatoes. of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect on human health and the environment . Cyanazine is used as a pre- and post-emergence herbicide for the control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds (Meister, 1983). 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA. Additional developmental effects (malformations of eye, brain, and chest wall as well as altered relative organ weights, higher incidence of a 13th rib, and complete loss of the litter) were reported at doses at least 2 times above the short-term critical study LOAEL. It is generally regarded that their toxicokinetics, such as, metabolic pathways, biological effects and toxicities, also share more similar features than the . Department of Health and Human Services. Abstract Background: Cyanazine is a common pesticide used frequently in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1994, all swimming pool uses of simazine were ended in the U.S. due to EPA's concern about human exposure. 2001), but others showed no effects in human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow (Hrelia et al. No concentrations of cyanazine compounds for this study exceeded water-quality criteria for the protection of human health. The benefits of cyanazine are primarily fran its effectiveness as an herbicide on corn, which accounts for 96% of total use. It was stressed that the outcome of epidemiological studies in progress in Chile, Sweden and the USA may permit more accurate quantication of effect levels for copper-induced toxicity in humans, including sensitive subpopu-lations. Although cyanazine was infrequently detected in the 64 wells across Iowa sampled in 1999, cyanazine degradates were commonly found during this study. It is generally regarded that their toxicokinetics, such as, metabolic pathways, biological effects and toxicities, also share more similar features than the differences. Interestingly, cytotoxicity was not observed in the estrogen-dependent MCF-7 mammary epithelial carcinoma . Based on the currently available data, the Department of Pesticide Regulation has concluded that the principal toxicological effects of cyanazine consist of fetal eye malformations following short term exposure and cancer and reproductive toxicity following longer term exposure. of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect on human health and the environment . Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides (HHBP). . Numerous studies have indicated that the pesticides and herbicides used in agricultural processes in the United States and Europe may have detrimental effects upon human health. 4 Limited reproductive testing for cyanazine. It is applied as a preemergent herbicide once during the growing season to control weeds in corn, sorghum, cotton, barley, wheat, oil rape seed, sugar cane, and potatoes. It's no secret that the effects of atrazine are neurotoxic in humans. The herbicide cyanazine is a synthetic s -triazine (along with atrazine and simazine) that has been widely used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in agricultural crops. However, it has been found that atrazine in levels even as low as 2 ppb (parts per billion) can have adverse effects on the reproductive systems of many vertebrates, which includes humans (Hayes et al, 2010). Cytogenetic effects of cyanazine and metolachlor on human lymphocytes exposed in vitro Mutat Res. Chloro-s-triazines-atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, simazine, and terbuthylazine-are structurally similar herbicides, differing only in specific s-triazine4-and 6-N alkyl substituents. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies cyanazine as a "possible human carcinogen;" In animal studies, cyanazine was associated with producing birth defects, development effects, female reproductive cycle problems and kidney damage. Data alerts The following alerts are based on the data in the tables below. Because of an ongoing EPA review of the triazine herbicides, cyanazine will be phased out of production for domestic use by the end of 1999 . EPA's grouping of DEA, DIA, and DACT with the parent compounds is, in part, based on similar toxicological effects. . General Information. This database provides . (Atrazine, Cyanazine, Propazine, Simazine, others) . Box 4015 Sacramento, CA 95812-4015 Phone: (916) 445-4261 A new RfD summary is in preparation by the RfD/RfC Work Group. Cyanazine is a triazine herbicide and is used as a pre- and post-emergent herbicide to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. After cyanazine is applied, it can travel down through the soil into groundwater. Available alternatives to cyanazine do not have as broad a spectrum of weed control. These findings have raised considerable concern regarding the potential health effects of these compounds in humans [1] [2][3]. Effects of short-term exposure Inhalation risk Evaporation at 20C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly. I. Cytogenetic effects of cyanazine and metolachlor on human lymphocytes exposed in vitro - ScienceDirect Mutation Research Letters Volume 281, Issue 4, April 1992, Pages 295-298 Research letter Cytogenetic effects of cyanazine and metolachlor on human lymphocytes exposed in vitro BoydRoloff a DavidBelluckb LorraineMeisnera In a long-term study of rats fed cyanazine, moderate doses resulted in increased brain weights and decreased kidney weights in third generation offspring . herbicides (atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor) were intercorrelated. Chloro-s-triazines-atrazine, cyanazine, propazine, simazine, and terbuthylazine-are structurally similar herbicides, differing only in specific s-triazine4-and 6-N alkyl substituents. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects . Cyanazine residue poses a great threat to human health and its derivatives would remain in soils, natural waters, and other environmental domains for a long time. . of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect on human health and the environment from cyanazine its degradates . Based on the calculated bioconcentration factor, the results showed that plankton, fish, and marine animals bioaccumulated pesticides. Birth Defects. Cyanazine exposure was associ- Atrazine is a widely used chlorotriazine herbicide active against broadleaf and grassy weeds. Only cyanazine, however, has such a criteria established. Cyanazine is the most toxic triazine herbicide and can cause birth defects, mutations and ultimately cancer . Animal and human studies have suggested that triazines may be carcinogenic, but results have been mixed. This database provides links to health effects information and registration status for pesticides. Policies. National Center for Biotechnology Information. What are the health effects of drinking water with elevated levels of cyanazine and atrazine? No concentrations of cyanazine compounds for this study exceeded water-quality criteria for the protection of human health. It is moderately toxic to mammals and may have serious adverse health effects if ingested as it is a neurotoxin, a suspected endocrine disrupter and a development/reproduction toxin. According to Hayes et al's research (2010), 10% of male . because of environmental and human health concerns. I.A. Little research into health effects from the combination of chemicals.. Most frequently detected pesticides in Wisconsin: Alachlor* and its chemical breakdown products Metolachlor and its chemical breakdown products Atrazine** and its chemical breakdown products Metribuzin Cyanazine and its chemical breakdown products. Contact. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure. Animals that consumed high doses of cyanazine had changes in their food intake, bodyweight, . The most frequently detected cyanazine compound was DCAC (32.8%) followed by CAC (29.7%), CAM (17.2%), DEC (3.1%), and cyanazine (3.1%). Related chlorotriazine herbicides include simazine, propazine, and cyanazine, all which act by inhibiting plant photosynthesis. Thus, these studies do not provide adequate evidence of reproductive effects in humans, but may indicate a need for further study. For content questions, contact: Christine Herrera Worker Health and Safety Branch 1001 I Street, P.O. Specifically: There is research underway looking into the correlation between Parkinson's disease and atrazine. testinal effects in humans. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS TLV: 0,1 mg/m 3, as TWA; A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans) ENVIRONMENT The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. National Library of Medicine. A review of this study (U.S. EPA, 1984b) indicated that cyanazine appeared to be tumorigenic in both male and female rats based on the increased incidences of thyroid tumors in all treatment groups as compared to the study's control group; increased incidences of adrenal tumors also were noted in all male treatment groups. Studies suggest that cyanazine could be mutagenic (Jannasch M, Sawin V, unpub-lished data) and induce marginal DNA dam-age in vivoin mouse leukocytes administered high doses intraperitoneally (Tennant et al. Herein, a simple, rapid, and ultra-sensitive analytical method for the determination of cyanazine (CZ) based on inner filter effect (IFE) of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) is first described . Throughout 10 midwestern states, atrazine has been detected in 55% . and have similar adverse effects. These effects included a delay in puberty and development of the reproductive tract in male rats, reduced fetal body weight, and post-implantation loss in pregnant female rats. Atrazine is used so frequently because it is cheap and it increases crop yield. Only cyanazine (2.7-41.9 ng/g dw), simetryn (1.0-34.3 ng/g dw), and diazinon (6.3-308.8 ng/g dw) were detected in fish and other edible marine organisms. Copper can also give rise to taste problems at concentrations above 5mg/litre 1994). Only cyanazine, however, has such a criteria established. 7. Although cyanazine produced an increase in dominant lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster and also caused increased chromosome loss, there was no elevation of chromosome breakage (Murnik, 1976; Murnik and Nash, 1977). Many of these compounds have been indicated as potential endocrine and reproductive disruptors, although the studies have The best evidence on potential health effects of cyanazine comes from animal studies. Environmental fate Cyanazine can be degraded in soil and water by microorganisms by N-dealkylation and hydrolysis.
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