Apost. I will give my law in their bowels, and I will write it in their heart, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people . Lumen Gentium represents an important synthesis of Biblical, Patristic, medieval and Tridentine ecclesiology, combined with orthodox elements of the new theological movement. Cf. 71, 20, 33: PL 38, 463 s. S. Io. The word "functions [munera]" is used deliberately instead of the word "powers [potestates]," because the latter word could be understood as a power fully ready to act. Haer. (12) Cfr. Hom. Act. 3, 7. Bishops, as vicars and ambassadors of Christ, govern the particular churches entrusted to them (58*) by their counsel, exhortations, example, and even by their authority and sacred power, which indeed they use only for the edification of their flock in truth and holiness, remembering that he who is greater should become as the lesser and he who is the chief become as the servant. (119), It follows that though there are many nations there is but one people of God, which takes its citizens from every race, making them citizens of a kingdom which is of a heavenly rather than of an earthly nature. Vat. (15) Conc. Chrysostomus, De Virg. He therefore chose the race of Israel as a people unto Himself. 68. 3: Denz. Conc. Didache, 15, 1: ib., p. 32. Cfr. That is true in outstanding fashion of the mother of Jesus, who gave to the world Him who is Life itself and who renews all things, and who was enriched by God with the gifts which befit such a role. dogm. Conc. Pius XII, Litt. October 2012 is the 50 th Anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council.Pope Benedict XVI declared October 11, 2012 until November 24, 2013 a Year of Faith.He said: It will be a moment of grace and commitment to a more complete conversion to God, to strengthen A Brief Look At "Lumen Gentium" In 1959, Pope John XXIII convened the Second Vatican Council. They manifest this special property by means of the whole peoples' supernatural discernment in matters of faith when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay faithful" (8*) they show universal agreement in matters of faith and morals. . 590-591. For those who believe in Christ, who are reborn not from a perishable but from an imperishable seed through the word of the living God,(88) not from the flesh but from water and the Holy Spirit,(89) are finally established as "a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a purchased people . 1947: AAS 39 (1947) p. 120 ss. 26. (191) Therefore, the chosen People of God is one: "one Lord, one faith, one baptism"(192); sharing a common dignity as members from their regeneration in Christ, having the same filial grace and the same vocation to perfection; possessing in common one salvation, one hope and one undivided charity. The bishops are owed this respect because of their pastoral authority in their own churches and because of the need of unity and harmony in the apostolate.(8*). "(6*) Hence not a few of the early Fathers gladly assert in their preaching, "The knot of Eve's disobedience was untied by Mary's obedience; what the virgin Eve bound through her unbelief, the Virgin Mary loosened by her faith. (12) The Spirit dwells in the Church and in the hearts of the faithful, as in a temple. She conceived, brought forth and nourished Christ. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. Funk, Didascalia, I, p. 530. Bardy, Sources Chr. 938 (1739-40). emptied Himself, taking the nature of a slave",(77) and "being rich, became poor"(78) for our sakes. The Church, "like a stranger in a foreign land, presses forward amid the persecutions of the world and the consolations of God"(14*), announcing the cross and death of the Lord until He comes. (1) S. Augustinus, Serm. Helpful. I Orient., c. 216-314: de Patriarchis; c. 324-399: de Archiepiscopis I maioribus; c. 362-391: de aliis dignitariis; in specie, c. 238 3; 216; 240; 251; 255: de Episcopis a Patriarch nominandis. 1890: ASS 22 (1889-90) p. 397 ss. Satis cognitum, 1. c., p. 713. (56) Also, in the building up of Christ's Body various members and functions have their part to play. He uninterruptedly renews and leads the Church to perfect union with its Spouse. Lumen Gentium, Light of the Nations, November 21, 1964. Lc. 4 Const. 5 et 6. 8; Magn. 2 C (in fine); II-II, q. (63) Cfr. The order of bishops, which succeeds to the college of apostles and gives this apostolic body continued existence, is also the subject of supreme and full power over the universal Church, provided we understand this body together with its head the Roman Pontiff and never without this head. The Golden Anniversary: A Summary of the Vatican II Documents. He is the image of the invisible God and in Him all things came into being. II, 22: PGS, 432 B. Ps.-Dionysius, Eccl. 1, 6-7, ut demonstret Ordinem esse verum sacramentum: Denz. Lumen Gentium is a powerful reminder to Catholics that the Church is a holy society, with necessary, visible structures that were instituted by Christ Himself. (26) S. Cyprianus, Epist. 7; Ed. I, Const. S. Leo M., Epist. They ought to fulfill this duty in such a way that it will be the principal means also of their own sanctification. He speaks to us in them, and gives us a sign of His Kingdom,(12*) to which we are strongly drawn, having so great a cloud of witnesses over us (276) and such a witness to the truth of the Gospel. The evangelical counsels of chastity dedicated to God, poverty and obedience are based upon the words and examples of the Lord. "Behold the days shall come saith the Lord, and I will make a new covenant with the House of Israel, and with the house of Judah . pp. Dei gcnitricis, Hom. Encycl. Whoever they are they are called upon, as living members, to expend all their energy for the growth of the Church and its continuous sanctification, since this very energy is a gift of the Creator and a blessing of the Redeemer. [AR - BE - CS - DE - EN - ES - FR - IT - HU - LA - LV - PT - SW - ZH]. (21*) Hence after the Synod of Ephesus the cult of the people of God toward Mary wonderfully increased in veneration and love, in invocation and imitation, according to her own prophetic words: "All generations shall call me blessed, because He that is mighty hath done great things to me". The Roman Pontiff, as the successor of Peter, is the perpetual and visible principle and foundation of unity of both the bishops and of the faithful. III, q. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954) p. 637. Religious should carefully keep before their minds the fact that the Church presents Christ to believers and non-believers alike in a striking manner daily through them. 187S: Denz. II de Ecclesia Christi, cum I commentario Kleutgen: Mansi 53, 313 AB. (231) This is a precious gift of divine grace given by the Father to certain souls,(232) whereby they may devote themselves to God alone the more easily, due to an undivided heart. Sources Chret., pp. 3 Denz. The Sacred Scriptures of both the Old and the New Testament, as well as ancient Tradition show the role of the Mother of the Saviour in the economy of salvation in an ever clearer light and draw attention to it. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 256. But there are certain things which pertain in a special way to the laity, both men and women, by reason of their condition and mission. (290), 58. Encycl. It is the duty of the ecclesiastical hierarchy to regulate the practice of the evangelical counsels by law, since it is the duty of the same hierarchy to care for the People of God and to lead them to most fruitful pastures. 7, 111-116; Cow. Lumen Gentium (excerpt). Though they differ from one another in essence and not only in degree, the common priesthood of the faithful and the ministerial or hierarchical priesthood are nonetheless interrelated: each of them in its own special way is a participation in the one priesthood of Christ. (14*) Therefore, the Sacred Council teaches that bishops by divine institution have succeeded to the place of the apostles, (15*) as shepherds of the Church, and he who hears them, hears Christ, and he who rejects them, rejects Christ and Him who sent Christ. Sagnard, Sources Chr., p 398. (13) Cfr. (19) Cfr. 184, a. With her the exalted Daughter of Sion, and after a long expectation of the promise, the times are fulfilled and the new Economy established, when the Son of God took a human nature from her, that He might in the mysteries of His flesh free man from sin. Hin Ch Tn L V Gio Hi - Lumen Gentium - 21/11/1964. And it is intimated also in the practice, introduced in ancient times, of summoning several bishops to take part in the elevation of the newly elected to the ministry of the high priesthood. 19, 1: PL 76, 1154 B. With the consent of the Roman Pontiff, this diaconate can, in the future, be conferred upon men of more mature age, even upon those living in the married state. Can., can. (58) Giving the body unity through Himself and through His power and inner joining of the members, this same Spirit produces and urges love among the believers. Encycl. 64. It is up to the judgment of the Supreme Pontiff, to whose care Christ's whole flock has been entrusted, to determine, according to the needs of the Church as they change over the course of centuries, the way in which this care may best be exercisedwhether in a personal or a collegial way. (41*), And this infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed His Church to be endowed in defining doctrine of faith and morals, extends as far as the deposit of Revelation extends, which must be religiously guarded and faithfully expounded. Lumen Gentium 16 Posted on 28 August 2006 by catholicsensibility Non-Christians get a look by the council bishops, starting with Judaism: Finally, those who have not yet received the Gospel are related in various ways to the people of God. Let them follow the example of Christ, who by His obedience even unto death, opened to all men the blessed way of the liberty of the children of God. It is through the sacraments and the exercise of the virtues that the sacred nature and organic structure of the priestly community is brought into operation. M., Philad. ", **The following was published as an appendix to the official Latin version of the Constitution on the Church.**. 9:45): in view of the divine choice, they are . 3, q. Having set forth the functions of the hierarchy, the Sacred Council gladly turns its attention. 959 (1766). It also aids by its vigilant and safeguarding authority those institutes variously established for the building up of Christ's Body in order that these same institutes may grow and flourish according to the spirit of the founders. 16. Chrysostomus, In Ps. S. Petrus Canisius, Catechismus Maior seu Summa Doctrinae christianae, cap. S. Iustinus, Dial. XV, 21 ct 24: ed. Report abuse. 218 (3642). 2. (11) S. Ign. Sacramentum ordinis: Denz. Act 6, 2-6; 11, 30; 13, 1, 14, 23; 20, 17; 1 Thess. Satis cognitium, 29 iun. For this reason, in reply to Modus 12 it is expressly said of the Twelve that the Lord set them up "as a college or stable group." (3*) They likewise exercise that priesthood in receiving the sacraments, in prayer and thanksgiving, in the witness of a holy life, and by self-denial and active charity. 2288 (3808).S. Christ, becoming obedient even unto death and because of this exalted by the Father,(206) entered into the glory of His kingdom. Between all the parts of the Church there remains a bond of close communion whereby they share spiritual riches, apostolic workers and temporal resources. Conc. 4: ed. (l4*), III. That discernment in matters of faith is aroused and sustained by the Spirit of truth. 2:11-12; 1 Pet. 2; etc. Encycl. 2, 1: PG 39 49 s. S. Thomas, In Col. 1, 18 cet. This freedom means that all men are to be immune from coercion on the part of individuals or of social groups and of any human power, in such wise that no one is to be forced to act in a manner contrary to his own beliefs, whether privately or publicly, whether alone or in association with others, within due limits. 1683 (2879). Seeking after the glory of Christ, the Church becomes more like her exalted Type, and continually progresses in faith, hope and charity, seeking and doing the will of God in all things. Through her faith and obedience she gave birth on earth to the very Son of the Father, not through the knowledge of man but by the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit, in the manner of a new Eve who placed her faith, not in the serpent of old but in God's messenger without waivering in doubt. (8*) Thus, as St. Irenaeus testifies, through those who were appointed bishops by the apostles, and through their successors down in our own time, the apostolic tradition is manifested (9*) and preserved. (150) He incorporates new members in His Body by a heavenly regeneration, and finally by their wisdom and prudence He directs and guides the People of the New Testament in their pilgrimage toward eternal happiness. (21) The Miracles of Jesus also confirm that the Kingdom has already arrived on earth: "If I cast out devils by the finger of God, then the kingdom of God has come upon you". - S. Germanus Constantinop., In annunt. (52) Really partaking of the body of the Lord in the breaking of the Eucharistic bread, we are taken up into communion with Him and with one another. Epist. Let them assiduously keep away from whatever, either by word or deed, could lead separated brethren or any other into error regarding the true doctrine of the Church. V: De dignigate Patriarcharum: ibid. VII: Denz. In this singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope and burning charity in the work of the Saviour in giving back supernatural life to souls. This collegial union is apparent also in the mutual relations of the individual bishops with particular churches and with the universal Church. (38) Cfr. 2333 (3903). . Encycl. In this, then, their daily work they should climb to the heights of holiness and apostolic activity. 23, cap. Trid., Sess. 112-3117, in nova ed. Paulus Pp. (8) S. Epiphanius, Nacr. Tridentinum, Sess. 984 (1821) . "God is love, and he who abides in love, abides in God and God in Him". (66*) Partakers of the function of Christ the sole Mediator,(178) on their level of ministry, they announce the divine word to all. (74) Constitutiones Ecclesiac aegyptiacae, III, 2: ed. By his profession of the evangelical counsels, then, he is more intimately consecrated to divine service. (237) At that time the human race as well as the entire world, which is intimately related to man and attains to its end through him, will be perfectly reestablished in Christ. For from the tradition, which is expressed especially in liturgical rites and in the practice of both the Church of the East and of the West, it is clear that, by means of the imposition of hands and the words of consecration, the grace of the Holy Spirit is so conferred,(20*) and the sacred character so impressed,(21*) that bishops in an eminent and visible way sustain the roles of Christ Himself as Teacher, Shepherd and High Priest, and that they act in His person. The phrase "with the consent of its head" is used to avoid the idea of dependence on some kind of outsider; the term "consent" suggests rather communion between the head and the members, and implies the need for an act which belongs properly to the competence of the head. And in order that the episcopate itself might be one and undivided, He placed Blessed Peter over the other apostles, and instituted in him a permanent and visible source and foundation of unity of faith and communion. (272)(5*) Thus by their brotherly interest our weakness is greatly strengthened. Thus in their diversity all bear witness to the wonderful unity in the Body of Christ. Finally, she was given by the same Christ Jesus dying on the cross as a mother to His disciple with these words: "Woman, behold thy son". M., Philad., 1, 1; Magn. 3; Trall. Trid., Decr. 35. Christ is the Light of nations. 1; Denz. An additional norm of this sort is required by the very nature of the case, because it involves functions [munera] which must be exercised by many subjects cooperating in a hierarchical manner in accordance with Christ's will. 9, 375-396. 22. (29*) This same collegiate power can be exercised together with the pope by the bishops living in all parts of the world, provided that the head of the college calls them to collegiate action, or at least approves of or freely accepts the united action of the scattered bishops, so that it is thereby made a collegiate act. Vat. 4, 6 s. coll. When occasions arise, let this be done through the organs erected by the Church for this purpose. Eph. 939 (1742). S. Augustinus, D Praed. Cf. (71) Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis, in impositione vestimentorum. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Established by Christ as a communion of life, charity and truth, it is also used by Him as an instrument for the redemption of all, and is sent forth into the whole world as the light of the world and the salt of the earth.(95). (90), That messianic people has Christ for its head, "Who was delivered up for our sins, and rose again for our justification",(91) and now, having won a name which is above all names, reigns in glory in heaven. For sitting at the right hand of God the Father, He is not absent from the gathering of His high priests,(17*) but above all through their excellent service He is preaching the word of God to all nations, and constantly administering the sacraments of faith to those who believe, by their paternal functioning. The following is an excerpt from: . 21:24. Its law is the new commandment to love as Christ loved us. 12, 48: Omni autem, cui multum datum est, multum quaeretur ab eo. Humani genesis, 12 Aug. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 571. (23) Cfr. . S. Gregorius M., Mor. LUMEN GENTIUM SOLEMNLY PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964 ! (16) By the power of the Gospel He makes the Church keep the freshness of youth. 12:4 Gal. Vatican Council II. 2. (66), In order that we might be unceasingly renewed in Him,(67) He has shared with us His Spirit who, existing as one and the same being in the Head and in the members, gives life to, unifies and moves through the whole body. (3) Cfr. Since the Church is in Christ like a sacrament or as a sign and instrument both of a very closely knit union with God and of the unity of the whole human race, it desires now to unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and to the whole world its own inner nature and universal mission. (13*) It is supremely fitting, therefore, that we love those friends and coheirs of Jesus Christ, who are also our brothers and extraordinary benefactors, that we render due thanks to God for them (14*) and "suppliantly invoke them and have recourse to their prayers, their power and help in obtaining benefits from God through His Son, Jesus Christ, who is our Redeemer and Saviour. God's covenant relationship with the chosen people 'I will . Predestined from eternity by that decree of divine providence which determined the incarnation of the Word to be the Mother of God, the Blessed Virgin was on this earth the virgin Mother of the Redeemer, and above all others and in a singular way the generous associate and humble handmaid of the Lord. Encycl. 1641 (2803). (284) Likewise she is the Virgin who shall conceive and bear a son, whose name will be called Emmanuel. Lumen Gentium, Vatican II's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, changed how the church thinks about the laity, holiness, baptism, and even the nature and purpose of the church itself. (Cf. He is not saved, however, who, though part of the body of the Church, does not persevere in charity. A council is never ecumenical unless it is confirmed or at least accepted as such by the successor of Peter; and it is prerogative of the Roman Pontiff to convoke these councils, to preside over them and to confirm them. (37*) This variety of local churches with one common aspiration is splendid evidence of the catholicity of the undivided Church. 25, Decretum de Purgatorio: Denz. Tr. Richard Cecka. Maximum illud: AAS 11 (1919) p. 440, Pius XI. This is beyond the measure of the commandments, but is done in order to become more fully like the obedient Christ. (18*) For in the mystery of the Church, which is itself rightly called mother and virgin, the Blessed Virgin stands out in eminent and singular fashion as exemplar both of virgin and mother. - S. Io. They are, by reason of the knowledge, competence or outstanding ability which they may enjoy, permitted and sometimes even obliged to express their opinion on those things which concern the good of the Church (7*). Iconocl. Benedictus XV, Epist. The Christian family loudly proclaims both the present virtues of the Kingdom of God and the hope of a blessed life to come. Lumen Gentium affirms the absolute necessity of the Church, founded by the Lord Himself, as the means of our salvation in Christ. (180) For the sick and the sinners among the faithful, they exercise the ministry of alleviation and reconciliation and they present the needs and the prayers of the faithful to God the Father. Oec. Assignatos sibi greges singuli singulos Christi nomine pascunt et regunt. 570-571. 16. ier., 1, 2: PG 3, 372 D. (67) Cfr. Therefore in the Church, everyone whether belonging to the hierarchy, or being cared for by it, is called to holiness, according to the saying of the Apostle: "For this is the will of God, your sanctification". dogm. (167) In them the faithful are gathered together by the preaching of the Gospel of Christ, and the mystery of the Lord's Supper is celebrated, that by the food and blood of the Lord's body the whole brotherhood may be joined together. X, Apologia Pauperum, c. 3, 3: cd. S. Germanus Const., Nom. Pius XII, Alloc. (213) In a word, "Christians must be to the world what the soul is to the body. - S. Pius X, Litt. (15*) They are consecrated by baptism, in which they are united with Christ. These earliest documents, as they are read in the Church and are understood in the light of a further and full revelation, bring the figure of the woman, Mother of the Redeemer, into a gradually clearer light. In explicit terms He Himself affirmed the necessity of faith and baptism(124) and thereby affirmed also the necessity of the Church, for through baptism as through a door men enter the Church. Miserentissimus Redemptor, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 171 s. Pius XII Alloc. Rerum Orientalium, 8 sept. 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 287. Tonneau, pp. (22) S. Cyprianus, Epist. 960 (1768); Conc. But, the society structured with hierarchical organs and the Mystical Body of Christ, are not to be considered as two realities, nor are the visible assembly and the spiritual community, nor the earthly Church and the Church enriched with heavenly things; rather they form one complex reality which coalesces from a divine and a human element. (22) Before all things, however, the Kingdom is clearly visible in the very Person of Christ, the Son of God and the Son of Man, who came "to serve and to give His life as a ransom for many:"(23). (50) By communicating His Spirit, Christ made His brothers, called together from all nations, mystically the components of His own Body. Some indeed He has strengthened to the extent of the shedding of their blood. (128) Those also can attain to salvation who through no fault of their own do not know the Gospel of Christ or His Church, yet sincerely seek God and moved by grace strive by their deeds to do His will as it is known to them through the dictates of conscience. 28:18; Mk. Conc. (2) Cfr. The Son whom she brought forth is He whom God placed as the first-born among many brethren,(299) namely the faithful, in whose birth and education she cooperates with a maternal love. de fide cath. 1. By this same sacramental grace, they are given the courage necessary to lay down their lives for their sheep, and the ability of promoting greater holiness in the Church by their daily example, having become a pattern for their flock.(224). A person becomes a member of the College by virtue of Episcopal consecration and by hierarchical communion with the head of the College and with its members. (6) Cfr. Encycl. This Sacred Council accepts with great devotion this venerable faith of our ancestors regarding this vital fellowship with our brethren who are in heavenly glory or who having died are still being purified; and it proposes again the decrees of the Second Council of Nicea,(20*) the Council of Florence (21*) and the Council of Trent. As the Son was sent by the Father,(131) so He too sent the Apostles, saying: "Go, therefore, make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. Encycl : Mediator Dei: AAS 39 (1947) p . Cod. (73) (11*). Eph. Conc. (1) Cfr. Lumen Gentium - The Light of Nations. The Cult of the Blessed Virgin in the Church. For the nurturing and constant growth of the People of God, Christ the Lord instituted in His Church a variety of ministries, which work for the good of the whole body. In other words, it is not a distinction between the Roman Pontiff and the bishops taken collectively, but a distinction between the Roman Pontiff taken separately and the Roman Pontiff together with the bishops. Thus every layman, in virtue of the very gifts bestowed upon him, is at the same time a witness and a living instrument of the mission of the Church itself "according to the measure of Christ's bestowal".(197). (55) S. Leo M., Serm. (16) Breviarium Romanum, Invitatorium infesto Sanctorum Omnium. It flows forth from the superabundance of the merits of Christ, rests on His mediation, depends entirely on it and draws all its power from it. Ad coeli Reginam, 11 Oct. 1954: AAS 46 (1954), pp. (254) Since however we know not the day nor the hour, on Our Lord's advice we must be constantly vigilant so that, having finished the course of our earthly life,(255) we may merit to enter into the marriage feast with Him and to be numbered among the blessed(256) and that we may not be ordered to go into eternal fire(257) like the wicked and slothful servant,(258) into the exterior darkness where "there will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth". "(84) By the power of the risen Lord it is given strength that it might, in patience and in love, overcome its sorrows and its challenges, both within itself and from without, and that it might reveal to the world, faithfully though darkly, the mystery of its Lord until, in the end, it will be manifested in full light. 5, 12-13; Phil. De perf . 4, 34; Io. C. Mohlberg, Sacramentarium Veronense, Romae, 195S, p. 119: ad summi sacerdotii ministerium Comple in sacerdotibus tuis mysterii tui summam. Idem, Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae Romae, 1960, pp. Can., c. 29 1. Iovin. A question has arisen regarding the precise theological note which should be attached to the doctrine that is set forth in the Schema de Ecclesia and is being put to a vote. Alloc. He is before all creatures and in Him all things hold together. 11. Vatican II document, Lumen Gentium . 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