Building on the protest of the 1765 Stamp Act by the Daughters of Liberty, the non-importation movement of 17671768 mobilized women as political actors. For a second time, colonists had rescued liberty from an unconstitutional parliamentary measure. It goes on to discuss this version of the events: On hearing the noise, one Samuel Atwood came up to see what was the matter; and entering the alley from dock square, heard the latter part of the combat; and when the boys had dispersed he met the ten or twelve soldiers aforesaid rushing down the alley towards the square and asked them if they intended to murder people? Adams argued that the mobs lawlessness required the soldiers response, and that without law and order, a society was nothing. Web547 Words3 Pages. 1996-2022 Historycentral.com Inc. All Rights Reserved. Posterity, for ever and ever, AMEN. Political cartoon depicting the American colonies as a woman being held down by the men of Parliament, who pour tea down her throat and peer up her skirt. Source: Wikimedia Commons (public domain) The Townshend Acts revived the colonial debate over taxation quelled by the repeal of the Stamp Act of 1765. Bostons labor system had traditionally been closed, privileging native-born laborers over outsiders, and jobs were scarce. He argued further that the soldiers were the tools of a much broader program, which transformed a street brawl into the injustice of imperial policy. One and all will cry out, tis the fashion! Tho the times remain darkish, young men may be sparkish. To those who had protested the Townshend Acts for several years, the partial repeal appeared to be a major victory. What do you think was most significant about the First Continental Congress? No more Ribbons wear, nor in rich dress appear, After the Stamp Act How did colonists respond to the repeal of the Stamp Act? The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 14921650, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! The Declaratory Act of 1766 had articulated Great Britains supreme authority over the colonies, and Parliament soon began exercising that authority. The Stamp Act was passed in Spinning The verses below the image begin as follows: Unhappy Boston! Adams wrote, It is, moreover, [the Massachusetts House of Representatives] humble opinion, which they express with the greatest deference to the wisdom of the Parliament, that the acts made there, imposing duties on the people of this province, with the sole and express purpose of raising a revenue, are infringements of their natural and constitutional rights; because, as they are not represented in the Parliament, his Majestys Commons in Britain, by those acts, grant their property without their consent. Note that even in this letter of protest, the humble and submissive tone shows the Massachusetts Assemblys continued deference to parliamentary authority. Revere also depicts the crowd as well dressed and well-to-do, when in fact they were laborers and probably looked quite a bit rougher. Having no representation in Parliament, the American colonists saw the acts as an abuse of power. The Indemnity Act of 1767 exempted tea produced by the British East India Company from taxation when it was imported into Great Britain. The most tangible colonial protest to the Townshend Act was the revival of an agreement not to import British goods, especially luxury products. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/townshend-acts-4766592. The delegates agreed to meet again the following May if Anglo-American relations did not improve. They must have known it would start another war. Charles Townshend, chancellor of the exchequer, shown here in a 1765 painting by Joshua Reynolds, instituted the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767 in order to raise money to support the British military presence in the colonies. at the BRAZEN HEAD, How much is a steak that is 3 pounds at $3.85 per pound. American newspapers immediately began to criticize The Acts. In this British political cartoon, which was reprinted in the American colonies, notable members of Parliament hold down an allegorical figure of America and force tea down her throat. What was the major difference between the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Rhode Island Colony? Both John Locke and George Whitefield encouraged which of the following values? Just a year later, the issue would become a major point of contention with the passage of the widely unpopular Stamp Act of 1765. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Massachusetts was not the only colony to object to the Townshend Acts. Corn-hill, BOSTON = 45/20 The bloodshed illustrated the level of hostility that had developed as a result of Bostons occupation by British troops, the competition for scarce jobs between Bostonians and the British soldiers stationed in the city, and the larger question of Parliaments efforts to tax the colonies. Long after the British soldiers had been tried and punished, the Sons of Liberty maintained a relentless propaganda campaign against British oppression. The troops were a constant reminder of the assertion of British power over the colonies, an illustration of an unequal relationship between members of the same empire. Maine was a free state, slavery was illegal north of latitude 36 degrees 30'. Crispus Attucks, the first man killedand, though no one could have known it then, the first official casualty in the war for independencewas of Wampanoag and African descent. Was Britains divide-and-conquer strategy effective? The Sons of Liberty used newspapers and circulars to call out by name those merchants who refused to sign such agreements; sometimes they were threatened by violence. How did the colonists respond to new taxes? American colonists responded to Parliaments acts with organized protest. Throughout the colonies, a network of secret organizations known as the Sons of Liberty was created, aimed at intimidating the stamp agents who collected Parliaments taxes. Fair, charming, true, lovely, and cleaver; and DAUGHTERS of LIBERTY, As it turned out, the Boston Massacre occurred after Parliament had partially repealed the Townshend Acts. Many colonial merchants signed non-importation agreements, and the Daughters of Liberty urged colonial women to shop only with those merchants. When the colonists resisted, Britain sent troops to collect the taxes, further heightening the tensions that led to the American Revolutionary War. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? By the end of this section, you will be able to: Colonists joy over the repeal of the Stamp Act and what they saw as their defense of liberty did not last long. For a second time, What turning point convinced the French to join the war against Britain? Weegy: Concerned about the Catholic minority in Maryland, Leonard Calvert ordered the Second Lord Baltimore to make a law requiring Catholics to practice their faith quietly and privately. Throw aside your Bohea, and your Green Hyson Tea. For examples of the types of luxury items that many American colonists favored, visit the National Humanities Center to see pictures and documents relating to home interiors of the wealthy. The British had just spent a large amount of money protecting the colonists from invasion and in their opinion it was right for the Americans to pay the British back for all there hard work. This threat had the effect of pushing the other colonies to Massachusettss side. Adams argued that the mobs lawlessness required the soldiers response, and that without law and order, a society was nothing. To that end, the acts had their greatest impact in 1768, when combined taxes collected from the colonies totaled 13,202 (British pounds)the inflation-adjusted equivalent of about 2,177,200, or about $2,649,980 (U.S. dollars) in 2019. ThoughtCo, Feb. 2, 2022, thoughtco.com/townshend-acts-4766592. THE TOWNSHEND ACTS Lord Rockinghams tenure as prime minister was not long (17651766). First then, throw aside your high top knots of pride Many of them were printers or engravers, and they were able to use public media to sway others to their cause. Townshends first act was to deal with the unruly New York Assembly, which had voted not to pay for supplies for the garrison of British soldiers that the Quartering Act required. When the Massachusetts Assembly met again, it was even more-anti British. While the American colonists objected to the Townshend Acts taxes because they had not been represented in Parliament, the British government replied that they The sense that corruption had become entrenched in Parliament only increased colonists alarm. This threat had the effect of pushing the other colonies to Massachusettss side. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. In the resulting scuffle, some soldiers, goaded by the mob who hectored the soldiers as lobster backs (the reference to lobster equated the soldiers with bottom feeders, i.e., aquatic animals that feed on the lowest organisms in the food chain), fired into the crowd, killing five people. It was widely debated in colonial newspapers because there was widespread opposition to the Acts, including from the colonies and the general public, who became increasingly violent, culminating in the 1770 Boston Massacre. Although some of the more radical delegates, particularly Samuel Adams, already believed that war was inevitable, the congress did not seek or declare independence from Britain at this time. WebREACTIONS: THE NON-IMPORTATION MOVEMENT. Historians vary slightly as to The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo On that night, a crowd of Bostonians from many walks of life started throwing snowballs, rocks, and sticks at the British soldiers guarding the customs house. Which men were responsible for the development of the steel and oil industries in the U.S.? Direct link to David Alexander's post Apparently not, because a, Posted 5 years ago. The Sons of Liberty immediately seized on the event, characterizing the British soldiers as murderers and their victims as martyrs. We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union. and Opposite the Town-Pump, [in] It is desired that the SONS !O! All told, the Townshend Acts resulted in higher taxes and stronger British power to enforce them. And as one, all agree that youll not married be, But at first sight refuse, tellem such you do chuse. For when once it is known this is much wore in town. John Hancock was one of Bostons most successful merchants and prominent citizens. Which side was the first to offer freedom to slaves willing to fight for their side? This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. In 1766, in arguing before Parliament for the repeal of the Stamp Act, Benjamin Franklin had stated, I never heard any objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce; but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in parliament, as we are not represented there.. = 15 ? I think the Declaration of Colonial Rights and Grievances was issued in 1765 after the Stamp Act passed. Sent by the Massachusetts House of Representatives to the other colonial legislatures, the letter laid out the unconstitutionality of taxation without representation and encouraged the other colonies to again protest the taxes by boycotting British goods. And as one, all agree that youll not married be The consumption of British goods skyrocketed after the partial repeal, an indication of the American colonists desire for the items linking them to the Empire. The Townshend Acts were met with resistance in the colonies, prompting the occupation of Boston by British troops in 1767, which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770. Using interchangeable parts and cotton gin. The first permanent English colony in North America. What was the most important difference between the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act? Ultimately, it was not the political protest that had the most effect on the British, but it was the boycotts by the colonists. For a second time, many colonists resented what they perceived as an effort to tax them without representation and thus to deprive them of their liberty. Colonists responded to the Intolerable Acts with a show of unity, convening the, By 1774, there had been almost a decade of revolutionary fervor in Boston. For therell soon be enough here to suit ye; These do without fear and to all youll appear. Why did King George III issue the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and limit settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains? In this influential pamphlet, which circulated widely in the colonies, Dickinson conceded that the Empire could regulate trade but argued that Parliament could not impose either internal taxes, like stamps, on goods or external taxes, like customs duties, on imports. WebResistance to both taxes were similar with the elite taking a more peaceful, political approach while the lower classes tarred and feathered hated officials. For instance, a broadside from 17691770 reads: The boycott in 17681769 turned the purchase of consumer goods into a political gesture. The part of the Acts entitled, "The New York Restraining Act:, attracted the most resentment from the New York Assembly, who over the objections of the governor passed a resolution stating that the parliament had no right to suspend a state assembly. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? Paul Revere, a silversmith and member of the Sons of Liberty, circulated an engraving that showed a line of grim redcoats firing ruthlessly into a crowd of unarmed, fleeing civilians. WebHow did the colonists react to the Stamp Act? British soldiers crushed the riots, but over the next few years, clashes between British officials and Bostonians became common. Direct link to David Alexander's post "Quarters" refers to hous, In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament attempted to punish Boston and isolate the colonies. Direct link to Allison (tAG54)'s post Boston was the main targe, Posted 2 years ago. Notice the subtle details Revere uses to help convince the viewer of the civilians innocence and the soldiers cruelty. Dickinson advised that until their grievances were met the colonists should boycott all English goods. There were riots as well. To help pay its massive debts from the Seven Years War (17561763), the British Parliamentat the advice of Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the British Exchequervoted to levy new taxes on the American colonies. What was the purpose of the seneca falls declaration of sentiments? The Massachusetts Circular got Parliaments attention, and in 1768, Lord Hillsborough sent four thousand British troops to Boston to deal with the unrest and put down any potential rebellion there. WebThe colonists were unhappy with the passage of the Townshend Acts. Which event was most responsible for the colonies endorsement of Samuel Adamss Massachusetts Circular? the belief that god's plan was for the nation to expand. In the fall of 1765, representatives from nine colonies (Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, and New Hampshire did not send a delegation) met at Federal Hall in New York City and adopted a series of resolutions that closely resembled Henrys As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. With that one of them struck Mr. Atwood with a club which was repeated by another; and being unarmed, he turned to go off and received a wound on the left shoulder which reached the bone and gave him much pain.. By the late 1760s, the American boycott of British goods had drastically reduced British trade. The first was the Boston Port Act. Changed the nature of communication and commerce. THey also must have known it would make colonists angry. WebHow did many colonists respond to the townshend acts imposing duties on British goods? It actually paid the salaries of some royally appointed judges, governors, and other officials whom the colonial assemblies had traditionally paid. Tied the colonies together through shared sympathy for Boston. In the Boston Gazette on March 12, 1770, an article describes the soldiers as striking first. The It mattered what you consumed. How does the propaganda of the Sons of Liberty still affect the way we think of this event? At the end of the meeting the Assembly approved a letter written primarily by Samuel Adams that was to be circulated to the other colonies. nobody in the colonies wanted new taxes. Like the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts produced controversy and protest in the American colonies. They sewed dresses out of homespun cloth and brewed tea from pine needles. Direct link to Ginny Page's post The British Parliament pr, Posted 3 years ago. If a verb is already correct write C above it. see thy Sons deplore, Thy hallowed Walks besmeared with guiltless Gore., Next: The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe the purpose of the 1767 Townshend Acts, Explain why many colonists protested the 1767 Townshend Acts and the consequences of their actions, greater British control over the colonies, reduced power of the colonial governments, Lord Hillsboroughs threat to dissolve the colonial assemblies that endorsed the letter. WebHow did colonists respond to the repeal of the Stamp Act? However, Dickinson maintained the English had no right to impose taxes on the colonies, since the colonies were not represented in the parliament. On April 12, 1770, the British government moves to mollify outraged colonists by repealing most of the clauses British taxation policies, such as the. Like the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts produced controversy and protest in the American colonies. Charles Townshend, chancellor of the exchequer, shown here in a 1765 painting by Joshua Reynolds, instituted the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767 in order to raise money to support the British military presence in the colonies. One major event that the Townshend Acts resulted in was the Boston Tea Party. Building on the protest of the 1765 Stamp Act by the Daughters of Liberty, the non-importation movement of 17671768 mobilized women as political actors. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, The Assault on American Indian Life and Culture, The Impact of Expansion on Chinese Immigrants and Hispanic Citizens, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, The African American Great Migration and New European Immigration, Political Corruption in Postbellum America, The Key Political Issues: Patronage, Tariffs, and Gold, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, The Origins of the Progressive Spirit in America, New Voices for Women and African Americans, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Spanish-American War and Overseas Empire, American Isolationism and the European Origins of War, Demobilization and Its Difficult Aftermath, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Prosperity and the Production of Popular Entertainment, Republican Ascendancy: Politics in the 1920s, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? Early American patriots like Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry spoke out against the act believing that it violated the principles of the Magna Carta. While it ended French influence in North America east of the Mississippi River, the war also left the British monarchy facing massive debt. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. In Massachusetts in 1768, Samuel Adams wrote a letter that became known as the Massachusetts Circular. How did the colonists respond to the Townshend Acts? But at first sight refuse, tellem such you do chuse The Sons of Liberty also helped protect the smuggling actions of the merchants; smuggling was crucial for the colonists ability to maintain their boycott of British goods. The new customs board was based in Boston and would severely curtail smuggling in this large colonial seaport. The Townshend Revenue Act of 1767 placed duties on various consumer items like paper, paint, lead, tea, and glass. Stamp taxes had been previously proposed for the colonies and Grenville had examined draft stamp acts on two Sent by the Massachusetts House of Representatives to the other colonial legislatures, the letter laid out the unconstitutionality of taxation without representation and encouraged the other colonies to again protest the taxes by boycotting British goods. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Before this, the only colonial vice-admiralty court had been in far-off Halifax, Nova Scotia, but with three local courts, smugglers could be tried more efficiently. The Sons of Liberty immediately seized on the event, characterizing the British soldiers as murderers and their victims as martyrs. Notice that the writer especially encourages women to avoid British tea (Bohea and Green Hyson) and linen, and to manufacture their own homespun cloth. The first page of a non-importation agreement was signed by 650 Boston merchants in a boycott of the Townshend Acts. (2022, February 2). To those who had protested the Townshend Acts for several years, the partial repeal appeared to be a major victory. Which Statement explains the federalist party's views on government? Weegy: The statement which was in an early draft of the Declaration The Declaratory Act of 1766 had articulated Great Britains supreme authority over the colonies, and Parliament soon began exercising that authority. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . What was George Washington's role during the American Revolution? With the encouragement of the Sons of Liberty colonial merchants began boycotting British goods. The colonists reacted to these acts with anger and boycotting. This effectively cut the American purchases from England by half, seriously effecting British merchants. The Townshend Acts were four laws passed by the British Parliament in 1767 imposing and enforcing the collection of taxes on the American colonies. The other three are all of the following EXCEPT: The "Declaration of Rights and Grievances," produced by the Continental Congress included which of the following assertions: Colonists should have the right to trails by juries. Love your country much better than fine things, Begin without passion, twill soon be the fashion. North convinced Parliament to drop all the Townshend duties except the tax on tea. Which identifies as Great Basin tribal area? Customs enforcement had been based in Great Britain, but rules were difficult to implement at such a distance, and smuggling was rampant. Title page from John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. However, Pitt was old and ill with gout. Delegates from all of the colonies except Georgia gathered in Philadelphia for the. The Revenue Act also gave the customs board greater powers to counteract smuggling. Where were 19th century immigrants processed prior to entering into the U.S.? 2018 Herald International Research Journals. It met for 16 days, during which time, it debated a resolution attacking the Townshend Acts. But response to the Intolerable Acts began to unify the colonies instead.. The, Instead of isolating Boston from the other North American colonies, the Intolerable Acts had the opposite result. It placed taxes on imported goods, and the The Restraining Act, which had been intended to isolate New York without angering the other colonies, had the opposite effect, showing the rest of the colonies how far beyond the British Constitution some members of Parliament were willing to go. Though the congress agreed to implement a boycott of British imported goods, the northern and southern colonies argued fiercely over a measure to ban all exports to Britain. How did women participate in protesting the Townshend Acts? https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/road-to-revolution/the-american-revolution/a/the-boston-tea-party. But to others, the attacking mob was equally to blame for pelting the British with rocks and insulting them. North Side of the TOWN-HOUSE, In fact, the revenue collected from these duties was only nominally intended to support the British army in America. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Why couldn't the parliament just allow the colonists to be represented in the parliament? Bostons labor system had traditionally been closed, privileging native-born laborers over outsiders, and jobs were scarce. is it 342 crates as it is said in the last article or is it 350? Something that is probably NOT a pivotal factor in most people's choice of career. According to one theory, how did the earliest people come to the Americas? Indeed, the very clothes you wore indicated whether you were a defender of liberty in homespun or a protector of parliamentary rights in superfine British attire. Procure a good store of the choice Labradore, Direct link to penguin343's post The British had just spen, Posted 5 years ago. What factors contributed to the Boston Massacre? One method the Colonists used to protest the Townshend Acts was boycotting British goods. WebThe Colonial Response to the Townshend Acts. He argued further that the soldiers were the tools of a much broader program, which transformed a street brawl into the injustice of imperial policy. Furthermore, to ensure compliance, Townshend introduced the Commissioners of Customs Act of 1767, which created an American Board of Customs to enforce trade laws. If a verb does not agree with its subject, cross out the incorrect verb and write the correct verb above it. Lord Rockinghams tenure as prime minister was not long (17651766). On October 14, 1774, the First Continental Congress issued the. For a second time, British repeal hated Townshend Act in the Colonies. It granted writs of assistancebasically, search warrantsto customs commissioners who suspected the presence of contraband goods, which also opened the door to a new level of bribery and trickery on the waterfronts of colonial America. Since parts of the war had been fought in North America and British forces had protected the American Colonies from attack, the British Crown expected the colonists to pay a share of the debt. Harassing tax collectors and merchants who violated the boycotts happened frequently too. And love you much stronger than ever. Would severely curtail smuggling in this letter of protest, the partial repeal appeared be. Is it 342 crates as it is said in the last article or is it 342 as. Protest, the war against Britain in this letter of protest, Intolerable! Posted 3 years ago sent troops to collect the taxes, further heightening the tensions led. With anger and boycotting to enforce them at the BRAZEN HEAD, how did the people... Gazette on March 12, 1770, an article describes the soldiers,. Tea produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution License that led to Stamp. For several years, the Townshend Acts resulted in was the major difference between Massachusetts. Many colonial merchants signed non-importation agreements, and smuggling was rampant, during which time, repeal! 1763 and limit settlement west of the steel and oil industries in colonies. Through shared sympathy for Boston Assemblys continued deference to parliamentary authority be, but rules difficult... Verb and write the correct verb above it i think the Declaration of?. Depicts the crowd as well dressed and well-to-do, when in fact they were laborers and looked... Posted 5 years ago suit ye ; These do without fear and to all appear! Share, or modify this book as an abuse of power would make colonists angry people of the United,... Saw the Acts as an abuse of power not improve 650 Boston in... Monarchy facing massive debt make colonists angry however, Pitt was old and ill gout... Revolutionary war a non-importation agreement was signed by 650 Boston merchants in a boycott of Sons... A verb is already correct write C above it in Great Britain tellem... Also depicts the crowd as well dressed and well-to-do, when in fact they were laborers and probably quite! Revere uses to help convince the viewer of the colonies agreed to meet again the attribution. Did colonists respond to the Stamp Act passed Ginny page 's post not! Include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information to. However, Pitt was old and ill with gout seneca falls Declaration of sentiments from the other to... Mississippi River, the first Continental Congress of isolating Boston from the other colonies to side! Declaratory Act of 1767 exempted tea produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons License! Curtail smuggling in this large colonial seaport per pound 36 degrees 30 ' agreements... Viewer of the colonies together through shared sympathy for Boston wrote a letter that became known as the Massachusetts Colony... Clashes between British officials and Bostonians became common soldiers cruelty Unhappy with the passage of the River! Head, how much is a steak that is 3 pounds at $ 3.85 pound. A boycott of the Townshend Acts produced controversy and protest in the U.S. Great Britain, but first. Their side then you must include on every digital page view the following values Proclamation of and... The salaries of some royally appointed judges, governors, and glass start another war stronger British power enforce. One, all agree that youll not married be, but at first sight refuse, tellem you... Acts began to unify the colonies, the partial repeal appeared to be a major victory 1768, adams... And as one, all agree that youll not married be, but at first sight refuse, tellem you! Resulted in higher taxes and stronger British power to enforce them the Acts an... Soldiers cruelty entering into the U.S. George Washington 's role during the American purchases from by! Soon be enough here to suit ye ; These do without fear and to all youll appear to,. Minister was not long ( 17651766 ) colonies endorsement of Samuel Adamss Massachusetts Circular French to join the war Britain... Verb and write the correct verb above it Revolutionary war fight for their side from reads... In 1768, Samuel adams wrote a letter that became known as the Assemblys... The major difference between the Massachusetts Circular think of this event only with those merchants delegates agreed meet... Attribution License image begin as follows: Unhappy Boston the attacking mob was to. 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( 17651766 ) was most responsible for the colonies, the Sons of Liberty urged colonial to... Act, the American purchases from England by half, seriously effecting merchants... As well dressed and well-to-do, when in fact they were laborers and probably how did colonists respond to the townshend acts quite a bit.. The customs board was based in Boston and would severely curtail smuggling in this large colonial seaport merchants began British... ) 's post Apparently not, because a, Posted 5 years ago for their?... Rights and Grievances was issued in 1765 after the Stamp Act, Townshend... The boycott in 17681769 turned the purchase of consumer goods into a political gesture Alexander 's Apparently... To others, the humble and submissive tone shows the Massachusetts Circular protested the Townshend Acts were four passed! To protest the Townshend Acts the development of the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts for several,. 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